Effective Implementation of Collaborative Care for Depression: What Is Needed?

To identify the care model factors that were key for successful implementation of collaborative depression care in a statewide Minnesota primary care initiative. We used a mixed-methods design incorporating both qualitative data from clinic site visits and quantitative measures of patient activation and 6-month remission rates. Care model factors identified from the site visits were tested for association with rates of activation into the program and remission rates. Results Nine factors were identified as important for successful implementation of collaborative care by the consultants who had trained and interviewed participating clinic teams, and rated according to a Likert Scale. Factors correlated with higher patient activation rates were: strong leadership support (0.63), welldefined and -implemented care manager roles (0.62), a strong primary care physician champion (0.60), and an on-site and accessible care manager (0.59). However, remission rates at 6 months were correlated with: an engaged psychiatrist (0.62), not seeing operating costs as a barrier to participation (0.56), and face-toface communication (warm handoffs) between the care manager and primary care physician for new patients (0.54). Care model factors most important for successful program implementation differ for patient activation into the program versus remission at 6 months. Knowing which implementation factors are most important for successful activation will be useful for those interested in adopting this evidence-based approach to improving primary care for patients with depression.