Public Investment in Rural Infrastructure: Some Political Economy Considerations

We have constructed a unique dataset to study the extent of the relationship between political marginalisation, public investment in transport infrastructure, and food security in Benin, Ghana, Mali and Senegal. We first show a strong relation between food security and road infrastructures after controlling for other factors known to affect food security, including climate and land productivity. To trace a potential mechanism by which political marginalisation impacts on food security, we then look at its relation with the allocation of roads within countries. We find support for the argument that political factors affect the location of roads after controlling for the economic importance of the areas, as well as many other factors. This finding is robust to a number of alternative specifications. We conclude that politically marginalised areas have significantly fewer roads, thus supporting our claim that political marginalisation indirectly affects food security, by undermining the quality and the allocation of transport infrastructures. Although we do not establish a causal effect here, this study is the first to empirically substantiate this relationship at the micro-level.