The protein phosphatase 2A B56[gamma] regulatory subunit is required for heart development

Background: Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) function is controlled by regulatory subunits that modulate the activity of the catalytic subunit and direct the PP2A complex to specific intracellular locations. To study PP2A's role in signal transduction pathways that control growth and differentiation in vivo, a transgenic mouse lacking the B56[gamma] regulatory subunit of PP2A was made. Results: Lack of PP2A activity specific to the PP2A-B56[gamma] holoenzyme, resulted in the formation of an incomplete ventricular septum and a decrease in the number of ventricular cardiomyocytes. During cardiac development, B56[gamma] is expressed in the nucleus of [alpha]-actinin-positive cardiomyocytes that contain Z-bands. The pattern of B56[gamma] expression correlated with the cardiomyocyte apoptosis we observed in B56[gamma]-deficient mice during mid to late gestation. In addition to the cardiac phenotypes, mice lacking B56[gamma] have a decrease in locomotive coordination and gripping strength, indicating that B56[gamma] has a role in controlling PP2A activity required for efficient neuromuscular function. Conclusions: PP2A-B56[gamma] activity is required for efficient cardiomyocyte maturation and survival. The PP2A B56[gamma] regulatory subunit controls PP2A substrate specificity in vivo in a manner that cannot be fully compensated for by other B56 subunits. Developmental Dynamics 243:778-790, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Key findings Mice were created that do not express the B56[gamma] regulatory subunit of PP2A. B56[gamma] is expressed in the nucleus of [alpha]-actinin-positive cardiomyocytes. B56[gamma] deficient mice have defects in heart development that include the incomplete formation of the ventricular septum and a reduction in cardiomyocytes. The decrease in cells seen in B56[gamma]-deficient mice is caused by cell death during mid to late in gestation in cardiomyocytes that normally express B56[gamma]. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]