The art of reviewing a paper

Key content As with all skills, the art of reviewing a scientific paper can be acquired, refined and perfected. It is not only a compliment to be invited to review an article but the knowledge acquired in the process, along with the continuing professional development credits gained, makes it a valuable opportunity for the reviewer, quite apart from it being a service to the journal and the scientific community. This article describes the basic principles and responsibilities of reviewing a medical paper. A considered peer review gives constructive feedback to the authors, enhances the credibility and value of the journal and is a service to medical science. Learning objectives To understand the basic principles of reviewing a paper. To be aware of the responsibilities of a reviewer. To know how to write feedback for authors and the editor. Ethical issues Plagiarism can be committed by the reviewer or author. Does the allegiance of the reviewer lie with the journal or the author?