Drivers of Seabird Population Recovery on New Zealand Islands after Predator Eradication

Eradication of introduced mammalian predators from islands has become increasingly common, with over 800 successful projects around the world. Historically, introduced predators extirpated or reduced the size of many seabird populations, changing the dynamics of entire island ecosystems. Although th...

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Veröffentlicht in:Conservation biology 2014-04, Vol.28 (2), p.333-344
Hauptverfasser: BUXTON, RACHEL T., JONES, CHRISTOPHER, MOLLER, HENRIK, TOWNS, DAVID R.
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:Eradication of introduced mammalian predators from islands has become increasingly common, with over 800 successful projects around the world. Historically, introduced predators extirpated or reduced the size of many seabird populations, changing the dynamics of entire island ecosystems. Although the primary outcome of many eradication projects is the restoration of affected seabird populations, natural population responses are rarely documented and mechanisms are poorly understood. We used a generic model of seabird colony growth to identify key predictor variables relevant to recovery or recolonization. We used generalized linear mixed models to test the importance of these variables in driving seabird population responses after predator eradication on islands around New Zealand. The most influential variable affecting recolonization of seabirds around New Zealand was the distance to a source population, with few cases of recolonization without a source population ≤25 km away. Colony growth was most affected by metapopulation status; there was little colony growth in species with a declining status. These characteristics may facilitate the prioritization of newly predator-free islands for active management. Although we found some evidence documenting natural recovery, generally this topic was understudied. Our results suggest that in order to guide management strategies, more effort should be allocated to monitoring wildlife response after eradication. La erradicación de mamíferos depredadores introducidos en las islas se ha vuelto cada vez más común, con más de 800 proyectos exitosos en todo el mundo. Históricamente, los depredadores introducidos extirparon o redujeron el tamaño de muchas poblaciones de aves marinas, cambiando las dinámicas de ecosistemas isleños completos. Aunque el principal resultado de muchos provectos de erradicación es la restauración de las poblaciones afectadas de aves marinas, las respuestas de las poblaciones naturales se documentan raramente y los mecanismos son poco entendidos. Usamos un modelo genérico de crecimiento de la colonia de aves marinas para identificar a las variables clave relevantes anticipadoras para la recuperación o recolonización. Usamos modelos mixtos lineales generalizados para probar la importancia de estas variables en la conducción de las respuestas de las poblaciones después de la erradicación de depredadores en islas alrededor de Nueva Zelanda. La variable más influyente que afecta a la recolonizació
ISSN:0888-8892
1523-1739
DOI:10.1111/cobi.12228