Keynote Address for the Holodomor Conference, Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, 17—18 November 2008

Fifty years ago as I write these words, the Ukraine and the Ukrainian, Cossack and other areas to its east-a great stretch of territory with some forty million inhabitants-was like one vast Belsen. A quarter of the rural population, men, women and children, lay dead or dying, the rest in various stages of debilitation with no strength to bury their families or neighbours. At the same time, (as at Belsen), well-fed squads of police or party officials supervised the victims.