Biodegradable mulch fabric by surface fibrillation and entanglement of plant fibers

We evaluated the feasibility of producing biodegradable mulch fabrics from bast fibers using a low-cost nonwoven fabric production process. Commercially available low-cost hemp and linseed flax fibers were carded, lightly needle-punched and then consolidated using a hydroentanglement process to produce fabrics around 200 g/m2 and 0.5 mm thickness. The hydroentanglement process liberated micro and nanofibers that formed a continuous fibrous network entangling and linking the parent fibers to produce fabrics with good tensile properties. Preliminary field trials of the fabrics demonstrate that they can be used to suppress weeds when colored with a commercially available carbon black-based mulch colorant. When in contact with soil the fabric biodegraded and lost strength in a matter of a few months.