Biomaterials in ophthalmic applications ‐ IOL´s and keratoprosthesis

Biomaterials can be regarded as synthetic or non‐living native materials used in therapeutic approaches. This direct contact with body tissue manifests itself in a wide spectrum of chemical, physical and biochemical interactions. In ophthalmology, biomaterials find their application in the development of intraocular lenses (IOL´s) and keratoprosthesis. The chemical nature of these materials encompasses the full spectrum of physico‐chemical properties of matter, e.g. hydrophilic and hydrophobic poly(meth)acrylates, silicones and fluorinated polymers. Concordantly, the intended use and functionality of the implant necessitates the strict selection of the desired chemical and physical characteristics of the materials to be used, if not the de‐novo creation of suitable substances. In addition, modification of surfaces or the creation of gradual changes in material properties by co‐polymerizations or alternative means of tailoring peculiar aspects of the device may be required to achieve reasonable or functional substitution of the diseased tissue, all the while maintaining ease of the device’s usage by the caring physician and, above all, uncompromised patient’s safety in the intended use of the device throughout its lifecycle.