Rituals and Student Identity in Education: Ritual Critique for a New Pedagogy

[...]he links this view of ritual with the theoretical ideas of his philosophical predecessors and shows how he developed a method of understanding how ritual works that avoided the narrowness of scientific limitations. [...]he proposes a new pedagogy that turns the non-rational aspects of schooling toward democratic ends. Following the example of individuals living in poverty, students from low-income homes may make flippant jokes in class to counter the risk of failure inherent in academic activities.