Hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women

For many years, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was considered an effective method of restoring the relative protection from coronary artery disease enjoyed by premenopausal women compared with men of similar age. This view has been supported by a substantial number of basic science and observational studies. Results of recent randomized controlled trials have seriously challenged the concept of the protective value of HRT by showing that rather than decreasing the risk of coronary artery disease, HRT actually appears to increase it. In addition, it increases the risk for breast cancer, stroke, venous thromboembolism, and cholecystitis. Despite some benefits such as increased bone mineral density and decreased risk of fracture and colorectal cancer, these data suggest that the risks of HRT outweigh the benefits. HRT is no longer routinely recommended for prevention of chronic disease. We present the current scientific data, benefits, risks, and consequent clinical recommendations regarding HRT use in postmenopausal women.