Enhancement of Finger-Vein Image by Vein Line Tracking and Adaptive Gabor Filtering for Finger-Vein Recognition

Biometrics is the technology to identify a user by using the physiological or behavioral characteristics. Among the biometrics such as fingerprint, face, iris, and speaker recognition, finger-vein recognition has been widely used in various applications such as door access control, financial security, and user authentication of personal computer, due to its advantages such as small sized and low cost device, and difficulty of making fake vein image. Generally, a finger-vein system uses near-infrared (NIR) light illuminator and camera to acquire finger-vein images. However, it is difficult to obtain distinctive and clear finger-vein image due to skin scattering of illumination since the finger-vein exists inside of a finger. To solve these problems, we propose a new method of enhancing the quality of finger-vein image. This research is novel in the following three ways compared to previous works. First, the finger-vein lines of an input image are discriminated from the skin area by using local binarization, morphological operation, thinning and line tracing. Second, the direction of vein line is estimated based on the discriminated finger-vein line. And the thickness of finger-vein in an image is also estimated by considering both the discriminated finger-vein line and the corresponding position of finger-vein region in an original image. Third, the distinctiveness of finger-vein region in the original image is enhanced by applying an adaptive Gabor filter optimized to the measured direction and thickness of finger-vein area. Experimental results showed that the distinctiveness and consequent quality of finger-vein image are enhanced compared to that without the proposed method.