Teamwork and Creativity in Research

Increasing magnitude and complexity pose major difficulties for the administration of scientific and technological endeavors. Traditional methods of administration frequently are inappropriate when applied to a scientific enterprise. The authors suggest that three areas in particular deserve more emphasis: (a) investigation of research organization, particularly with regard to the individual engaged in research; (b) training in research administration, from the bench scientist through project leader to the top administrator, and (c) effective communication, not across artificial disciplinary language barriers alone, but throughout the hierarchical form which is most conducive to research creativity.