The Myth and Rites of Newsmaking: Hard News Versus Soft News
The requirement for the facts to be sacred in the making of the news implies that the journalist must approach these facts from the „right distance“. This correct approach is presently being achieved by neither of the two main categories of news, hard news and soft news. The first (news of and about...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Communications 1988-01, Vol.14 (1), p.23-54 |
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Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | The requirement for the facts to be sacred in the making of the news implies that the journalist must approach these facts from the „right distance“. This correct approach is presently being achieved by neither of the two main categories of news, hard news and soft news. The first (news of and about institutions) is overdistanced and, with its purely objectivizing and rational discourse, does not concern the public; the second (human interest stories, sensational news, gossip, and scandals) is underdistanced and addresses only the irrationality and subjectivity of the public. Of both genres of news the textual strategies are analyzed in this article. However, since neither of the genres is satisfactory, since the one is characterized by too much and the other by too little distance, the ideal of a precise balance doesn’t stop haunting both journalistic praxis and journalistic theory. Nevertheless, in this article it is argued that this precise balance is a myth, and the „semiotic square“ of A.J. Greimas is used for purposes of clarification and formalization. At the same time, this article attempts to determine how the two genres reach their public. Here, use is made of the discourse typology developed by J. Lacan: hard news is the discourse of power and is linked to what Lacan called the „discourse of the Master“ (with its extension, the „University discourse“). Soft news is news for the powerless and is linked to Lacan’s „discourse of the Hysteric“.
L’exigence selon laquelle les faits doivent être considérés comme sacrés dans l’élaboration des nouvelles implique que le journaliste approche ceux-ci avec la „distanciation requise“. Or, cette approche correcte n’est atteinte par aucune des deux catégories principales de nouvelles, le hard news et le soft news. La première categorie (nouvelles des institutions et transmises par celles-ci) est caractérisée par une surdistanciation et n’atteint pas le public par son discours purement objectif et rationnel; la seconde catégorie („human interest stories“, nouvelles à sensation, ragots et scandales) est caractérisée par une sousdistanciation et ne s’adresse au public que dans son irrationalité et dans sa subjectivité. Les stratégies textuelles de ces deux types de nouvelles sont analysées dans cet article. Cependant, du fait qu’aucun des deux genres ne soit satisfaisant, l’un étant caractérisé par un recul excessif et l’autre, par un recul insuffisant, l’idéal d’un juste équilibre ne cesse de hanter aussi bien la |
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ISSN: | 0341-2059 1613-4087 |
DOI: | 10.1515/comm-1988-0103 |