Patterns in the distribution, site structure and assemblage composition of Hadza kill-butchering sites

Large mammal kill sites created by Hadza hunter-gatherers are described and analysed. Three important observations result. First, Hadza kill sites are likely to contain disproportionate numbers of very large-bodied prey (live weight > 200 kg). Smaller animals are taken far more often, but will be underrepresented in kill site assemblages because of Hadza carcass transport practices and the actions of secondary consumers. Second, Hadza kill sites sometimes display marked, surprisingly large scale patterns in the distribution of associated bone debris and features. Third, such patterns partly resemble those created by non-human carnivores. Implications of these observations for current approaches to the excavation and interpretation of prehistoric kill sites are discussed.