Empirical analysis of query‐based data aggregation within WSN through Monte Carlo simulation

Purpose - Energy constraint is always a serious issue in wireless sensor networks, as the energy possessed by the sensors is limited and non-renewable. Data aggregation at intermediate base stations increases the lifespan of the sensors, whereby the sensors' data are aggregated before being communicated to the central server. This paper proposes a query-based aggregation within Monte Carlo simulator to explore the best and worst possible query orders to aggregate the sensors' data at the base stations. The proposed query-based aggregation model can help the network administrator to envisage the best query orders in improving the performance of the base stations under uncertain query ordering. Furthermore, it aims to examine the feasibility of the proposed model to engage simultaneous transmissions at the base station and also to derive a best-fit mathematical model to study the behavior of data aggregation with uncertain querying order. Design/methodology/approach - The paper considers small and medium-sized wireless sensor networks comprised of randomly deployed sensors in a square arena. It formulates the query-based data aggregation problem as an uncertain ordering problem within Monte Carlo simulator, generating several thousands of uncertain orders to schedule the responses of M sensors at the base station within the specified time interval. For each selected time interval, the model finds the best possible querying order to aggregate the data with reduced idle time and with improved throughput. Furthermore, it extends the model to include multiple sensing parameters and multiple aggregating channels, thereby enabling the administrator to plan the capacity of its WSN according to specific time intervals known in advance. Findings - The experimental results within Monte Carlo simulator demonstrate that the query-based aggregation scheme show a better trade-off in maximizing the aggregating efficiency and also reducing the average idle-time experienced by the individual sensor. The query-based aggregation model was tested for a WSN containing 25 sensors with single sensing parameter, transmitting data to a base station; moreover, the simulation results show continuous improvement in best-case performances from 56 percent to 96 percent in the time interval of 80 to 200 time units. Moreover, the query aggregation is extended to analyze the behavior of WSN with 50 sensors, sensing two environmental parameters and base station equipped with multiple channel