New Life for Kolkata's Sewers

The Indian city of Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) emerged as a commercial center in the late 17th century, and as it did so it gradually developed an extensive network for collecting wastewater and storm water. Over time, the sewer network has gradually experienced significant deterioration, the result of age and inadequate cleaning and maintenance. However, in recent years the Kolkata Municipal Corp (KMC) has begun a comprehensive sewer rehabilitation plan, the first phase of which entails refurbishing approximately 26 km of the largest brick sewers. This article summarizes the history and features of Kolkata's brick sewers, the problems and challenges associated with their deteriorating condition, and the continuing efforts to rehabilitate this critical element of infrastructure in the heart of one of India's largest and most congested urban centers. Residents and businesses in the vicinity of the completed sewer projects are already enjoying the benefits of significant improvements in sanitation and drainage.