Implementing a Collaborative Translanguaging Pedagogy in an Elementary ESL Classroom in Malaysia through Teacher–Researcher Collaboration

Malaysia is a multilingual and multicultural country in Southeast Asia, where there are 137 languages and dialects spoken by a population made up of Malaysian-Malays, Malaysian-Chinese, Malaysian-Indians, Indigenous peoples and immigrants and foreign workers from Indonesia, Philippines, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar, Cambodia, China and other countries (World Atlas, 2020). Malay is the official language of Malaysia, and English is taught in all schools from Kindergarten onwards. In addition to Malay and English, many Malaysians speak another language or dialect tied to their ethnic background, for example, Mandarin, Cantonese, Hokkien, Hakka, Tamil, Telegu, Malayalam, Hindi, Bengali and a variety