Operation of Grid-Forming Inverters in Islanded Mode

An integrated energy management system (EMS) that was proposed in this chapter had coordinated control operation of microgrid (MG), which makes the control structure simpler and makes parameter design easier. To provide quick tracking of reference signals, full state-variable model predictive control (MPC) is employed to directly manipulate power switches in the proposed integrated EMS. The suggested scheme's architecture is appropriate for achieving higher performance, straightforward extension and upgrade of distributed generation (DGs) in plug-and-play mode, operational reliability, and resilience to communication failure. Using the MATLAB/Simulink® environment, a simulation model of a rural MG with solely renewable energy resource-based DGs has been developed. In order to improve the system performance in terms of power quality, such as voltage regulation and total harmonic distortion under steady-state and transient conditions of photovoltaic-wind generation and sudden load fluctuations, finite control set-MPC-based coordinated control has been proposed in integrated EMS for DGs connected via an inverter.