Internet of Things for Smart Cities: Application and Challenges

The Internet of Things (IoT) must be able to integrate a large number of various and heterogeneous end systems transparently and seamlessly, while also allowing open access to specified subsets of data for the development of a variety of digital services. Building a generic architecture for the IoT is thus a difficult endeavour, owing to the enormous number of devices, link layer technologies, and services that could be involved in such a system. In this chapter, we concentrate on an urban IoT system, which, although still being a broad category, is distinguished by its application domain. In fact, urban IoTs are intended to support the Smart Municipal concept, which intends to use the most advanced communication technologies to enable added-value services for city management and inhabitants. The IoT is one of the world's newest technologies. Using this concept and technology, we can establish a large network of tiny devices that communicate with one another to develop ecological resources and environmental. The IoT network of devices is responsible for the majority of smart technology gadgets. Connecting these devices allows them to communicate with one another as well as gather and transmit data via the Internet. The introduction of a gadget known as a sensor has enhanced the speed and performance of IoT devices. The concept of IoT devices with sensors that perceive data and make intelligent environmental decisions. The advantages of IoT devices over technology in the present world are clearly stated in this chapter. To collect relevant data, sensors in IoT devices are connected to Wi-Fi, RFID along with Bluetooth, among other technologies. The world will become smart when gadgets are connected through the network, resulting in a smart environment that includes smart cities, smart homes, and smart and Hi-tech buildings. By 2020, it is estimated that almost 30 billion people around the world will have used at least one IoT technology device. IoT devices play a key part in various enabling technologies that keep our surroundings safe and secure. This chapter will cover IoT applications in smart cities and the environment, as well as a basic description of how they work. In this chapter, the authors concentrate on an urban IoT system, which, although still being a broad category, is distinguished by its application domain. In fact, urban IoTs are intended to support the Smart Municipal concept, which intends to use the most advanced communication technologi