Energy Storage Systems in View of Nanotechnology towards Wind Energy Penetration in Distribution Generation Environment

Electrical power generation has changed significantly during the last three decades across the world to reduce the emission of greenhouse and harmful gasses emissions gases and to familiarize users with mixed energy sources. The main challenge in transmission and distribution networks is to maintain a balance between demand and supply due to the unpredictable and intermittent nature of wind. Energy storage system (ESS) is an emerging technology that has an abundant scope to meet these imminent challenges. An ideal ESS stores energy in a particular state, according to the type used in the system and delivers it in the form of electrical energy at the time of requirement. This paper provides a comprehensive study and a comparison of various types of ESSs available to increase wind energy potential and to enhance power smoothing in a wind energy generation system. Converting these systems into units of energy and power density, efficiency, life span, self-discharge rates, installation and maintenance costs, and environmental impact have all been done on the basis of each system's requirements.