The Scaling Laws of HyperSurfaces

HyperSurfaces (HSFs) integrate a network of controllers within the structure of the metasurface. Controllers drive the reconfigurable unit cells and exchange information with neighbouring controllers so that the HSF can implement a given electromagnetic functionality requested by an authorized user, and adapt to changes in the environment. The design of a programmable metasurface faces of significant challenges in terms of complexity due to the many aspects involved, including but a limited to the unit cell design, the placement of the tuning elements and its impact on the unit cell response, the tuning range requirements, the integration of driving methods within the MS structure or the associated extra fabrication steps. Given an HSF with an arbitrary number of unit cells, the Floquet periodic boundary condition models an infinite periodicity of the unit cell along the direction normal to the specified boundaries.