Network construction

Network construction comprises the following steps: site preparation, excavation, trench dewatering, pipe laying, jointing, backfilling, and testing and disinfection. Site preparation in urban areas can be a complex task where cooperation with other utilities is very important. Pipes will be tested prior to leaving the factory and should also be tested after reaching the site in order to check for possible damage resulting from transportation. Excavation is the most expensive part of pipe laying. Extreme temperatures can have an impact on the operation of water distribution systems, not only by affecting the water consumption but also causing pipe damage either by freezing or very high temperatures. The trench bottom provides the pipe's foundations. In homogeneous, even and well-consolidated soils, pipes can be laid directly on the bottom. Concrete should be placed and consolidated against undisturbed soil and around the pipe or fitting to achieve a good bond.