Pacification, Resistance, Reconstruction: Coup d’État, City of the Fearful, 1980–1983

12 September 1980. 3:00 a.m. Tanks maneuver their way down Istanbul’s Menderes-built boulevards, noisily moving soldiers out of their barracks and into the darkened public squares of the city. İstiklal Anthem. Harbiye March. Ottoman military music (mehter) broadcast on state radio. General Kenan Evren, head of the National Security Council and commander of the Turkish Armed Forces, addresses the nation. Wake up! Get up! İhtilal olmuş (An insurrection has happened), the army has taken over! Imposing martial law. Suspending the constitution. Abolishing Parliament. Lifting immunity from the People’s Representatives (Milletvekilli). Dictatorship of the National Security Council. Full curfew. Stay in