Our social brain

This chapter explores the social brain. Each brain is unique, but it is made so by interaction with others. Social relationships are important, and many studies show levels of happiness correlating with good relationships. Social isolation is painful. The mirror neuron system of the brain is described. How the mirror neuron system enables us to connect with others by imitation and understand the motives of others is explained. The neuroscience of empathy is explored, together with the parts of the brain involved, and three levels of empathy are distinguished. Cognitive empathy is understanding the feelings of others and links to theory of mind. Emotional empathy is sharing the feelings of others. Compassionate empathy is the ability to appropriately respond to others’ feelings. The barriers to empathy are described, including amygdala hijacking. The practical and ethical implications for coaches are examined. The role of oxytocin in trust is explored. There is a section examining the use of language to foster trust and empathy and its link to social leadership. The concept of fairness is analysed, and the ultimatum game and Prinsoner’s dilemma are explained.