Biological Engineering Designs

Engineering designs involving living things are interesting and challenging, perhaps so because the behavior of biological entities can only be partially anticipated. The biological engineering design could be involved with plants, microbes, lower animals, or even food substances. Biomarkers can assist with genetic selection for breeding, and biomarkers are also being developed as indicators of certain diseases in many species, including humans. Development of translational computer programs to transpose biological system response into human language remains an elusive target. Most imaging techniques visualize internal physical structures; some imaging techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy, near-infrared spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy, can identify chemical species and their locations within a tissue. Biological engineers must be more careful to assure that higher level creatures do not suffer undue pain, are euthanized humanely, or are not subjected to high levels of avoidable stress.