An Overview of Intelligence

The intelligence enterprise is one of the most misunderstood functions of government. This chapter provides the student with multiple definitions of “intelligence” and describes the various functions that encompass intelligence operations. Finally, the critical relationship between the policymaker and the intelligence professional is described—it is axiomatic that the finest analytical product may be ignored if the policymaker is unwilling to “buy” what the analyst has to “sell.” This chapter provides the student with multiple definitions of "intelligence" and describes various functions that encompass intelligence operations. Information and the intelligence drawn from that information directly influence the daily decisions of individuals, businesses, industry, the military, and the government. The hope of decision-makers is that intelligence will provide knowledge of quantitative factors and afford insight into the intangible. Intelligence products can be divided into various categories depending on their focus or scope. Foreign intelligence exists to provide information to decision-makers at all levels of government so that they can apply the power they have at their disposal more precisely. Good intelligence begins with decision-makers clearly identifying their concerns and needs. It is developed through the focused collection of information, thorough study, and, most importantly, through effective analysis and synthesis. The result is an intelligence product that provides knowledge, reduces uncertainty, and supports effective decision-making.