Disorders of the Reproductive System

Reproductive tract disorders are a common reason for presentation of captive reptiles for veterinary evaluation. The underlying causes of many reproductive tract disorders in captive reptiles are incompletely understood but are likely related to inappropriate environmental conditions and husbandry related issues. Common presentations in female reptiles include dystocia, pre‐ovulatory follicular stasis and yolk associated coelomitis. Establishing a definitive diagnosis for some conditions of the female reproductive tract can be challenging and may necessitate the use of multiple diagnostic modalities used in concert. Common presentations in male reptiles include prolapse of the phallus and hemipenal plugs. In contrast to reproductive tract problems in females these problems are usually self‐evident on clinical examination and rarely require additional diagnostic modalities for definitive diagnosis.