The Trunk and Urogenital System

An abdominal wall defect created by intentionally leaving an abdominal incision open at the completion of surgery, or by opening or re‐opening the abdomen for abdominal compartment syndrome. Abdominal wall tissue loss following trauma or tumour also produces significant defects. This chapter first presents some key notes on management of the open abdomen. It then discusses perineal reconstruction and hypospadias. Perineal reconstruction is indicated in these circumstances: extensive skin loss; vaginal resection; pelvic or perineal dead space; excision of the pelvic floor; and excision after radiotherapy. The chapter also presents brief discussions of bladder exstrophy‐epispadias complex, ambiguous genitalia, vaginal agenesis and penile reconstruction.