Risk, science and public communication: third-order thinking about scientific culture

Very importantly, this is not a story of one way of thinking giving way to the next and then the next. Instead, the situation in most national and local settings is of these different orders being mixed up (or churned) together. Thus, the deficit model coexists with talk of dialogue and engagement. And while some organisations and individuals look for quick and easy solutions to communication problems, others have begun to reflect upon the limitations, complications and contexts of both deficit and dialogue.