The effects of verbal and spatial working memory on short- and long-latency sensorimotor circuits in the motor cortex

Multiple sensorimotor loops converge in the motor cortex to create an adaptable system capable of context-specific sensorimotor control. Afferent inhibition provides a non-invasive tool to investigate the substrates by which procedural and cognitive control processes interact to shape motor corticos...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2024-05, Vol.19 (5), p.e0302989-e0302989
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description Multiple sensorimotor loops converge in the motor cortex to create an adaptable system capable of context-specific sensorimotor control. Afferent inhibition provides a non-invasive tool to investigate the substrates by which procedural and cognitive control processes interact to shape motor corticospinal projections. Varying the transcranial magnetic stimulation properties during afferent inhibition can probe specific sensorimotor circuits that contribute to short- and long-latency periods of inhibition in response to the peripheral stimulation. The current study used short- (SAI) and long-latency (LAI) afferent inhibition to probe the influence of verbal and spatial working memory load on the specific sensorimotor circuits recruited by posterior-anterior (PA) and anterior-posterior (AP) TMS-induced current. Participants completed two sessions where SAI and LAI were assessed during the short-term maintenance of two- or six-item sets of letters (verbal) or stimulus locations (spatial). The only difference between the sessions was the direction of the induced current. PA SAI decreased as the verbal working memory load increased. In contrast, AP SAI was not modulated by verbal working memory load. Visuospatial working memory load did not affect PA or AP SAI. Neither PA LAI nor AP LAI were sensitive to verbal or spatial working memory load. The dissociation of short-latency PA and AP sensorimotor circuits and short- and long-latency PA sensorimotor circuits with increasing verbal working memory load support multiple convergent sensorimotor loops that provide distinct functional information to facilitate context-specific supraspinal control.
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source MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry
subjects Adult
Biology and Life Sciences
Circuits
Cognition & reasoning
Cognitive ability
Context
Cortex (motor)
Dissociation
Engineering and Technology
Evoked Potentials, Motor - physiology
Female
Humans
Language
Latency
Magnetic fields
Magnetic properties
Male
Medicine and Health Sciences
Memory
Memory, Short-Term - physiology
Motor Cortex - physiology
Muscle contraction
Reaction Time - physiology
Research and Analysis Methods
Sensory neurons
Short term memory
Social Sciences
Somatosensory cortex
Spatial memory
Spatial Memory - physiology
Substrates
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Young Adult
title The effects of verbal and spatial working memory on short- and long-latency sensorimotor circuits in the motor cortex
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