Rapid dataset generation methods for stacked construction solid waste based on machine vision and deep learning

The development of urbanization has brought convenience to people, but it has also brought a lot of harmful construction solid waste. The machine vision detection algorithm is the crucial technology for finely sorting solid waste, which is faster and more stable than traditional methods. However, accurate identification relies on large datasets, while the datasets from the field working conditions are scarce, and the manual annotation cost of datasets is high. To rapidly and automatically generate datasets for stacked construction waste, an acquisition and detection platform was built to automatically collect different groups of RGB-D images for instances labeling. Then, based on the distribution points generation theory and data augmentation algorithm, a rapid-generation method for synthetic construction solid waste datasets was proposed. Additionally, two automatic annotation methods for real stacked construction solid waste datasets based on semi-supervised self-training and RGB-D fusion edge detection were proposed, and datasets under real-world conditions yield better models training results. Finally, two different working conditions were designed to validate these methods. Under the simple working condition, the generated dataset achieved an F1-score of 95.98, higher than 94.81 for the manually labeled dataset. In the complicated working condition, the F1-score obtained by the rapid generation method reached 97.74. In contrast, the F1-score of the dataset obtained manually labeled was only 85.97, which demonstrates the effectiveness of proposed approaches.