Vitamin D status, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism, and haplotype in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis: Correlation with susceptibility and parasite load index
CL endemicity was reported worldwide including in Saudi Arabia, imposing a major challenge on the health authorities. Vitamin D and its receptor (VDR) are key modulators of the immune response where the VDR is expressed. A remarkable lack of data exists in humans about the contribution of vitamin D...
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Veröffentlicht in: | PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2023-06, Vol.17 (6), p.e0011393-e0011393 |
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Zusammenfassung: | CL endemicity was reported worldwide including in Saudi Arabia, imposing a major challenge on the health authorities. Vitamin D and its receptor (VDR) are key modulators of the immune response where the VDR is expressed. A remarkable lack of data exists in humans about the contribution of vitamin D and polymorphisms of the VDR gene in protozoan infections, especially cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL).
This is the first work conducted to assess the relationship between vitamin D status, polymorphisms of the VDR gene (BsmI, ApaI, TaqI, and FokI), and VDR haplotype with parasite tissue load and susceptibility to CL.
Fifty-two patients with confirmed CL (21 patients receiving vitamin D medication and 31 patients not receiving it) and 46 control subjects participated in this cross-sectional investigation. VDR genotyping was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Serum levels of 25-OH vitamin D were assessed using the ELISA method in all participants. The skin biopsy quantified the parasite load based on the Ridley parasitic index.
The mean serum level of 25-OH vitamin D in CL patients who were not receiving vitamin D therapy was significantly lower compared to CL patients on vitamin D therapy and controls (p 0.05). When compared to controls, CL cases had a considerably greater frequency of the "B-A-T-F" haplotype (p = 0.04), and a significantly lower frequency of the "B-a-T-F" haplotype (p = 0.01) suggesting that these haplotypes may have the potential susceptibility or protection against CL respectively. The "Aa" genotype in ApaI SNP of VDR had considerably lower levels of vitamin D with higher |
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ISSN: | 1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011393 |