Individuals cannot rely on COVID-19 herd immunity: Durable immunity to viral disease is limited to viruses with obligate viremic spread

The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript." Antiviral antibodies are present at relatively high concentrations in blood and lymph, where they can function directly by neutralizing viral infectivity and indirectly via Fc-mediated viral clearance by phagocytic cells and natural killer (NK) cell killing. [...]the immune system may have evolved to permit viral mucosal infections. If mucosal infection was a significant threat to host reproduction, wouldn’t innate antiviral mechanisms (e.g., type I interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes) be employed constitutively in mucosae rather than conditionally?