Inflammatory patterns in fixed airflow obstruction are dependent on the presence of asthma

Fixed airflow obstruction (FAO) can complicate asthma. Inflammation is a proposed underlying mechanism. Our aim in this cross-sectional investigation was to evaluate the blood leucocyte pattern and level of exhaled nitric oxide in asthmatics and non-asthmatics with or without FAO. A total of 11,579 individuals aged ≥20 years from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included. They were grouped as: controls without asthma and FAO (n = 9,935), asthmatics without FAO (n = 674), asthmatics with FAO (n = 180) and non-asthmatics with FAO (n = 790). FAO was defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < lower limit of normal. Exhaled nitric oxide ≥ 25ppb, blood eosinophil levels ≥300 cells/μL, and blood neutrophil levels ≥5100 cells/μL were defined as elevated. Stratified analyses for smoking and smoking history were performed. Elevated blood eosinophil levels were more common in all groups compared to the controls, with the highest prevalence in the group with asthma and fixed airflow obstruction (p