The effect of metal mixture composition on toxicity to C. elegans at individual and population levels
The toxicity of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd) to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was characterised under single metal and mixture scenarios at different organisational levels. The effects on population size and body length were investigated at two concentrations corresponding to the 2...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2019-06, Vol.14 (6), p.e0218929-e0218929 |
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| creator | Moyson, Sofie Town, Raewyn M Vissenberg, Kris Blust, Ronny |
| description | The toxicity of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd) to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was characterised under single metal and mixture scenarios at different organisational levels. The effects on population size and body length were investigated at two concentrations corresponding to the 24 h LC5 and LC20 levels. Metal toxicity was dependent on metal concentration, exposure time and mixture composition. Populations exposed to LC20 levels of Cd, ZnCu, CuCd and ZnCuCd plummeted, while for all LC5 concentrations, population size continued to increase, albeit that single metals were less harmful than mixtures. Combinations of the LC20 concentration of Cd with a range of Zn concentrations showed concentration dependent mitigating effects on population size and antagonistic effects on mortality. By combining effects at different organisational levels, more insight into metal toxicity was obtained. Metal effects were more evident on population size than on body length or mortality, suggesting that population size could be considered as a sensitive endpoint. Furthermore, our observations of ZnCd mixture effects at the individual and population levels are consistent with literature data on the dose-dependent expression of the cdf-2 gene, which is involved in mediation of Zn and Cd toxicity. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0218929 |
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The effects on population size and body length were investigated at two concentrations corresponding to the 24 h LC5 and LC20 levels. Metal toxicity was dependent on metal concentration, exposure time and mixture composition. Populations exposed to LC20 levels of Cd, ZnCu, CuCd and ZnCuCd plummeted, while for all LC5 concentrations, population size continued to increase, albeit that single metals were less harmful than mixtures. Combinations of the LC20 concentration of Cd with a range of Zn concentrations showed concentration dependent mitigating effects on population size and antagonistic effects on mortality. By combining effects at different organisational levels, more insight into metal toxicity was obtained. Metal effects were more evident on population size than on body length or mortality, suggesting that population size could be considered as a sensitive endpoint. 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The effects on population size and body length were investigated at two concentrations corresponding to the 24 h LC5 and LC20 levels. Metal toxicity was dependent on metal concentration, exposure time and mixture composition. Populations exposed to LC20 levels of Cd, ZnCu, CuCd and ZnCuCd plummeted, while for all LC5 concentrations, population size continued to increase, albeit that single metals were less harmful than mixtures. Combinations of the LC20 concentration of Cd with a range of Zn concentrations showed concentration dependent mitigating effects on population size and antagonistic effects on mortality. By combining effects at different organisational levels, more insight into metal toxicity was obtained. Metal effects were more evident on population size than on body length or mortality, suggesting that population size could be considered as a sensitive endpoint. 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Moyson, Sofie</au><au>Town, Raewyn M</au><au>Vissenberg, Kris</au><au>Blust, Ronny</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The effect of metal mixture composition on toxicity to C. elegans at individual and population levels</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2019-06-25</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>e0218929</spage><epage>e0218929</epage><pages>e0218929-e0218929</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The toxicity of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd) to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was characterised under single metal and mixture scenarios at different organisational levels. The effects on population size and body length were investigated at two concentrations corresponding to the 24 h LC5 and LC20 levels. Metal toxicity was dependent on metal concentration, exposure time and mixture composition. Populations exposed to LC20 levels of Cd, ZnCu, CuCd and ZnCuCd plummeted, while for all LC5 concentrations, population size continued to increase, albeit that single metals were less harmful than mixtures. Combinations of the LC20 concentration of Cd with a range of Zn concentrations showed concentration dependent mitigating effects on population size and antagonistic effects on mortality. By combining effects at different organisational levels, more insight into metal toxicity was obtained. Metal effects were more evident on population size than on body length or mortality, suggesting that population size could be considered as a sensitive endpoint. Furthermore, our observations of ZnCd mixture effects at the individual and population levels are consistent with literature data on the dose-dependent expression of the cdf-2 gene, which is involved in mediation of Zn and Cd toxicity.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>31237916</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0218929</doi><tpages>e0218929</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9505-1465</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Behavior, Animal - drug effects Biology Biology and Life Sciences Body length Body size Cadmium Cadmium - toxicity Caenorhabditis elegans Caenorhabditis elegans - drug effects Caenorhabditis elegans - physiology Composition effects Copper Copper (Metal) Environmental quality Gene expression Genes Heavy metals Mediation Medical research Medicine and Health Sciences Metal concentrations Metals Mortality Nematodes Nickel - toxicity Physical Sciences Physiology Population Population Density Population levels Population number Research and Analysis Methods Roundworms Studies Toxicity Toxicity Tests Worms Zinc Zinc - toxicity |
| title | The effect of metal mixture composition on toxicity to C. elegans at individual and population levels |
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