Galectin-3 level predicts response to ablation and outcomes in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation and systolic heart failure

Mechanisms of maintenance of both atrial fibrillation and structural left ventricular disease are known to include fibrosis. Galectin-3, a biomarker of fibrosis, is elevated both in patients with heart failure and persistent atrial fibrillation. We sought to find whether galectin-3 has a prognostic value in patients with heart failure and a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction undergoing ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation. Serum concentrations of galectin-3 were determined in a consecutive series of patients with an ejection fraction ≤40%, addressed for ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation. Responders to ablation were patients in sinus rhythm and with an ejection fraction ≥50% at 6 months. A combined endpoint of heart failure hospitalization, transplantation and/or death was used at 12 months. Seventy-five patients were included (81% male, age 63±10 years, ejection fraction 34±7%, galectin-3 21±12 ng/mL). During follow-up, eight patients were hospitalized for decompensated heart failure, 1 underwent heart transplantation, and 4 died; 50 patients were considered as responders to ablation. After adjustment, galectin-3 level independently predicted both 6-month absence of response to ablation (OR = 0.89 per unit increase, p = 0.002). Patients with galectin-3 levels