Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Global surveillance and a call for international collaborative action

[...]these reports do not reflect the true global public health burden of ESC treatment failures, since surveillance data from resource-constrained settings are scarce. [...]AMR surveillance is not simply a research project. [...]in most countries, it should not require approval from an ethical committee because the collection and antimicrobial-susceptibility testing of gonococcal isolates are part of standard care, and no patient identification information is made available in AMR surveillance. [...]there are significant delays in the release of AMR data from the current GASPs, which limits their value as part of an early warning system for AMR emergence and limits their usefulness for informing prompt refinements of gonorrhea management guidelines and public health policy. [...]high-throughput genomics is revolutionizing our understanding of AMR and the spread of AMR gonococcal strains, as well as research aimed at improving diagnostics, AMR prediction, and vaccine development [20,63-71].