Computational Cancer Biology: An Evolutionary Perspective

Here, both mutations ... and [BLACK SQUARE] must occur before ... and finally [diamonds] can occur. [...]the model encodes two mutational pathways, namely ... [right arrow] [BLACK SQUARE] [right arrow] ... [right arrow] [diamonds] and [BLACK SQUARE] [right arrow] ... [right arrow] ... [right arrow] [diamonds], and each tumor would follow exactly one of these. Various learning algorithms have been proposed, including exact combinatorial optimization techniques, local optimization using the structural expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, heuristic search strategies, and Bayesian inference using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) [2,75,76].