Combined effects of smoking and alcohol on metabolic syndrome: the LifeLines cohort study
The development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is influenced by environmental factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption. We determined the combined effects of smoking and alcohol on MetS and its individual components. 64,046 participants aged 18-80 years from the LifeLines Cohort study were cate...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2014-04, Vol.9 (4), p.e96406-e96406 |
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| creator | Slagter, Sandra N van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V Vonk, Judith M Boezen, H Marike Boezen, H Marieke Dullaart, Robin P F Kobold, Anneke C Muller Feskens, Edith J M van Beek, André P van der Klauw, Melanie M Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H R |
| description | The development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is influenced by environmental factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption. We determined the combined effects of smoking and alcohol on MetS and its individual components.
64,046 participants aged 18-80 years from the LifeLines Cohort study were categorized into three body mass index (BMI) classes (BMI |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0096406 |
| format | Article |
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64,046 participants aged 18-80 years from the LifeLines Cohort study were categorized into three body mass index (BMI) classes (BMI<25, normal weight; BMI 25-30, overweight; BMI≥30 kg/m2, obese). MetS was defined according to the revised criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III). Within each BMI class and smoking subgroup (non-smoker, former smoker, <20 and ≥20 g tobacco/day), the cross-sectional association between alcohol and individual MetS components was tested using regression analysis.
Prevalence of MetS varied greatly between the different smoking-alcohol subgroups (1.7-71.1%). HDL cholesterol levels in all alcohol drinkers were higher than in non-drinkers (0.02 to 0.29 mmol/L, P values<0.001). HDL cholesterol levels were lower when they were also a former or current smoker (<20 and ≥20 g tobacco/day). Consumption of ≤1 drink/day indicated a trend towards lower triglyceride levels (non-significant). Concurrent use alcohol (>1 drink/day) and tobacco showed higher triglycerides levels. Up to 2 drinks/day was associated with a smaller waist circumference in overweight and obese individuals. Consumption of >2 drinks/day increased blood pressure, with the strongest associations found for heavy smokers. The overall metabolic profile of wine drinkers was better than that of non-drinkers or drinkers of beer or spirits/mixed drinks.
Light alcohol consumption may moderate the negative associations of smoking with MetS. Our results suggest that the lifestyle advice that emphasizes smoking cessation and the restriction of alcohol consumption to a maximum of 1 drink/day, is a good approach to reduce the prevalence of MetS.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096406</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24781037</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adult ; Alcohol Drinking - blood ; Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology ; Alcohol use ; Alcoholic beverages ; Alcohols ; Analysis ; Beer ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Blood cholesterol ; Blood pressure ; Body mass ; Body Mass Index ; Body size ; Body weight ; Cardiovascular disease ; Care and treatment ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL - blood ; Cohort analysis ; Cohort Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Development and progression ; Drinking of alcoholic beverages ; Drug addiction ; Environmental factors ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Health aspects ; Health risk assessment ; High density lipoprotein ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Metabolic syndrome ; Metabolic Syndrome - blood ; Metabolic Syndrome - complications ; Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Prevalence ; Regression analysis ; Risk factors ; Smoking ; Smoking - blood ; Smoking - epidemiology ; Spirits ; Subgroups ; Tobacco ; Triglycerides ; Wine ; Wines</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-04, Vol.9 (4), p.e96406-e96406</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2014 Slagter et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2014 Slagter et al 2014 Slagter et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-b9ac893b672580c272dfd87c5d225044f98423a0b7f175bb61016628af8ad543</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-b9ac893b672580c272dfd87c5d225044f98423a0b7f175bb61016628af8ad543</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4004580/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4004580/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,865,886,2103,2929,23871,27929,27930,53796,53798</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24781037$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Berthold, Heiner K.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Slagter, Sandra N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vonk, Judith M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boezen, H Marike</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boezen, H Marieke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dullaart, Robin P F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kobold, Anneke C Muller</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feskens, Edith J M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Beek, André P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van der Klauw, Melanie M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H R</creatorcontrib><title>Combined effects of smoking and alcohol on metabolic syndrome: the LifeLines cohort study</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is influenced by environmental factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption. We determined the combined effects of smoking and alcohol on MetS and its individual components.
64,046 participants aged 18-80 years from the LifeLines Cohort study were categorized into three body mass index (BMI) classes (BMI<25, normal weight; BMI 25-30, overweight; BMI≥30 kg/m2, obese). MetS was defined according to the revised criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III). Within each BMI class and smoking subgroup (non-smoker, former smoker, <20 and ≥20 g tobacco/day), the cross-sectional association between alcohol and individual MetS components was tested using regression analysis.
Prevalence of MetS varied greatly between the different smoking-alcohol subgroups (1.7-71.1%). HDL cholesterol levels in all alcohol drinkers were higher than in non-drinkers (0.02 to 0.29 mmol/L, P values<0.001). HDL cholesterol levels were lower when they were also a former or current smoker (<20 and ≥20 g tobacco/day). Consumption of ≤1 drink/day indicated a trend towards lower triglyceride levels (non-significant). Concurrent use alcohol (>1 drink/day) and tobacco showed higher triglycerides levels. Up to 2 drinks/day was associated with a smaller waist circumference in overweight and obese individuals. Consumption of >2 drinks/day increased blood pressure, with the strongest associations found for heavy smokers. The overall metabolic profile of wine drinkers was better than that of non-drinkers or drinkers of beer or spirits/mixed drinks.
Light alcohol consumption may moderate the negative associations of smoking with MetS. Our results suggest that the lifestyle advice that emphasizes smoking cessation and the restriction of alcohol consumption to a maximum of 1 drink/day, is a good approach to reduce the prevalence of MetS.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Alcohol Drinking - blood</subject><subject>Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology</subject><subject>Alcohol use</subject><subject>Alcoholic beverages</subject><subject>Alcohols</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Beer</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Blood cholesterol</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Body mass</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>Body size</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Cholesterol, HDL - blood</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Development and progression</subject><subject>Drinking of alcoholic beverages</subject><subject>Drug addiction</subject><subject>Environmental factors</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>High density lipoprotein</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Metabolic syndrome</subject><subject>Metabolic Syndrome - blood</subject><subject>Metabolic Syndrome - complications</subject><subject>Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Overweight</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Smoking</subject><subject>Smoking - blood</subject><subject>Smoking - epidemiology</subject><subject>Spirits</subject><subject>Subgroups</subject><subject>Tobacco</subject><subject>Triglycerides</subject><subject>Wine</subject><subject>Wines</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk1uLEzEUxwdR3HX1G4gOCKIPrbnOZHwQluKlUFjQRfApZHJpUzNJd5IR--1N7ezSkX2QPCSc_M7_5JyTUxTPIZhDXMN32zD0Xrj5Lng9B6CpCKgeFOewwWhWIYAfnpzPiicxbgGgmFXV4-IMkZpBgOvz4scidK31WpXaGC1TLIMpYxd-Wr8uhVelcDJsgiuDLzudRBuclWXce9WHTr8v00aXK2v0KmvE8oD2qYxpUPunxSMjXNTPxv2iuP708XrxZba6-rxcXK5msmpQmrWNkKzBbVUjyoBENVJGsVpShRAFhJiGEYQFaGsDa9q2FQSwqhAThglFCb4oXh5ldy5EPhYlckhhw5qGMZyJ5ZFQQWz5rred6Pc8CMv_GkK_5qJPVjrNCWZSawVqyAAxoGUUIN1WjYANRA1VWevDGG1oO62k9qkXbiI6vfF2w9fhFycAkJxfFngzCvThZtAx8c5GqZ0TXofh8O7cLkJBRTP66h_0_uxGai1yAtabkOPKgyi_xDWljGICMzW_h8pL6c7K_IOMzfaJw9uJQ2aS_p3WYoiRL799_X_26vuUfX3CbrRwaRODG5INPk5BcgRlH2LstbkrMgT8MAC31eCHAeDjAGS3F6cNunO6_fH4D0KL_t4</recordid><startdate>20140401</startdate><enddate>20140401</enddate><creator>Slagter, Sandra N</creator><creator>van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V</creator><creator>Vonk, Judith M</creator><creator>Boezen, H Marike</creator><creator>Boezen, H Marieke</creator><creator>Dullaart, Robin P F</creator><creator>Kobold, Anneke C Muller</creator><creator>Feskens, Edith J M</creator><creator>van Beek, André P</creator><creator>van der Klauw, Melanie M</creator><creator>Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H R</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140401</creationdate><title>Combined effects of smoking and alcohol on metabolic syndrome: the LifeLines cohort study</title><author>Slagter, Sandra N ; van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V ; Vonk, Judith M ; Boezen, H Marike ; Boezen, H Marieke ; Dullaart, Robin P F ; Kobold, Anneke C Muller ; Feskens, Edith J M ; van Beek, André P ; van der Klauw, Melanie M ; Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H R</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-b9ac893b672580c272dfd87c5d225044f98423a0b7f175bb61016628af8ad543</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Alcohol Drinking - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Slagter, Sandra N</au><au>van Vliet-Ostaptchouk, Jana V</au><au>Vonk, Judith M</au><au>Boezen, H Marike</au><au>Boezen, H Marieke</au><au>Dullaart, Robin P F</au><au>Kobold, Anneke C Muller</au><au>Feskens, Edith J M</au><au>van Beek, André P</au><au>van der Klauw, Melanie M</au><au>Wolffenbuttel, Bruce H R</au><au>Berthold, Heiner K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Combined effects of smoking and alcohol on metabolic syndrome: the LifeLines cohort study</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2014-04-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e96406</spage><epage>e96406</epage><pages>e96406-e96406</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is influenced by environmental factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption. We determined the combined effects of smoking and alcohol on MetS and its individual components.
64,046 participants aged 18-80 years from the LifeLines Cohort study were categorized into three body mass index (BMI) classes (BMI<25, normal weight; BMI 25-30, overweight; BMI≥30 kg/m2, obese). MetS was defined according to the revised criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III). Within each BMI class and smoking subgroup (non-smoker, former smoker, <20 and ≥20 g tobacco/day), the cross-sectional association between alcohol and individual MetS components was tested using regression analysis.
Prevalence of MetS varied greatly between the different smoking-alcohol subgroups (1.7-71.1%). HDL cholesterol levels in all alcohol drinkers were higher than in non-drinkers (0.02 to 0.29 mmol/L, P values<0.001). HDL cholesterol levels were lower when they were also a former or current smoker (<20 and ≥20 g tobacco/day). Consumption of ≤1 drink/day indicated a trend towards lower triglyceride levels (non-significant). Concurrent use alcohol (>1 drink/day) and tobacco showed higher triglycerides levels. Up to 2 drinks/day was associated with a smaller waist circumference in overweight and obese individuals. Consumption of >2 drinks/day increased blood pressure, with the strongest associations found for heavy smokers. The overall metabolic profile of wine drinkers was better than that of non-drinkers or drinkers of beer or spirits/mixed drinks.
Light alcohol consumption may moderate the negative associations of smoking with MetS. Our results suggest that the lifestyle advice that emphasizes smoking cessation and the restriction of alcohol consumption to a maximum of 1 drink/day, is a good approach to reduce the prevalence of MetS.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24781037</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0096406</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1519899883 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adult Alcohol Drinking - blood Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology Alcohol use Alcoholic beverages Alcohols Analysis Beer Biology and Life Sciences Blood cholesterol Blood pressure Body mass Body Mass Index Body size Body weight Cardiovascular disease Care and treatment Cholesterol Cholesterol, HDL - blood Cohort analysis Cohort Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Development and progression Drinking of alcoholic beverages Drug addiction Environmental factors Epidemiology Female Health aspects Health risk assessment High density lipoprotein Humans Male Medicine and Health Sciences Metabolic syndrome Metabolic Syndrome - blood Metabolic Syndrome - complications Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology Middle Aged Obesity Overweight Prevalence Regression analysis Risk factors Smoking Smoking - blood Smoking - epidemiology Spirits Subgroups Tobacco Triglycerides Wine Wines |
| title | Combined effects of smoking and alcohol on metabolic syndrome: the LifeLines cohort study |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-12T22%3A32%3A00IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Combined%20effects%20of%20smoking%20and%20alcohol%20on%20metabolic%20syndrome:%20the%20LifeLines%20cohort%20study&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Slagter,%20Sandra%20N&rft.date=2014-04-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=e96406&rft.epage=e96406&rft.pages=e96406-e96406&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0096406&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA375585341%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1519899883&rft_id=info:pmid/24781037&rft_galeid=A375585341&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_438ceed071804f0b8502eb69a191295d&rfr_iscdi=true |