The response of Thalassiosira pseudonana to long-term exposure to increased CO2 and decreased pH
The effect of ocean acidification conditions has been investigated in cultures of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana CCMP1335. Expected end-of-the-century pCO(2) (aq) concentrations of 760 µatm (equivalent to pH 7.8) were compared with present-day condition (380 µatm CO(2), pH 8.1). Batch culture p...
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| description | The effect of ocean acidification conditions has been investigated in cultures of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana CCMP1335. Expected end-of-the-century pCO(2) (aq) concentrations of 760 µatm (equivalent to pH 7.8) were compared with present-day condition (380 µatm CO(2), pH 8.1). Batch culture pH changed rapidly because of CO(2) (aq) assimilation and pH targets of 7.8 and 8.1 could not be sustained. Long-term (∼100 generation) pH-auxostat, continuous cultures could be maintained at target pH when cell density was kept low ( |
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Expected end-of-the-century pCO(2) (aq) concentrations of 760 µatm (equivalent to pH 7.8) were compared with present-day condition (380 µatm CO(2), pH 8.1). Batch culture pH changed rapidly because of CO(2) (aq) assimilation and pH targets of 7.8 and 8.1 could not be sustained. Long-term (∼100 generation) pH-auxostat, continuous cultures could be maintained at target pH when cell density was kept low (<2×10(5) cells mL(-1)). After 3 months continuous culture, the C:N ratio was slightly decreased under high CO(2) conditions and red fluorescence per cell was slightly increased. However, no change was detected in photosynthetic efficiency (F(v)/F(m)) or functional cross section of PS II (σ(PSII)). Elevated pCO(2) has been predicted to be beneficial to diatoms due to reduced cost of carbon concentration mechanisms. There was reduced transcription of one putative δ-carbonic anhydrase (CA-4) after 3 months growth at increased CO(2) but 3 other δ-CAs and the small subunit of RUBISCO showed no change. There was no evidence of adaptation or clade selection of T. pseudonana after ∼100 generations at elevated CO(2). On the basis of this long-term culture, pH change of this magnitude in the future ocean may have little effect on T. pseudonana in the absence of genetic adaption.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026695</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22053201</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acclimatization - drug effects ; Acidification ; Aerobiosis - drug effects ; Bacillariophyceae ; Bacillariophyta ; Batch Cell Culture Techniques ; Batch culture ; Biology ; Carbon - metabolism ; Carbon content ; Carbon dioxide ; Carbon Dioxide - pharmacology ; Carbonic anhydrase ; Carbonic anhydrases ; Cell culture ; Cell density ; Cells, Cultured ; Change detection ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ; Continuous culture ; Cyanobacteria ; Diatoms ; Diatoms - cytology ; Diatoms - drug effects ; Diatoms - growth & development ; Diatoms - physiology ; Experiments ; Fluorescence ; Gene expression ; Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects ; Growth rate ; Hydrogen ions ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration - drug effects ; Laboratories ; Metabolism ; Nitrogen ; Ocean acidification ; Oceans ; pH effects ; Photosynthesis ; Plankton ; Prochlorococcus ; Protein synthesis ; Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase ; Studies ; Synechococcus ; Thalassiosira pseudonana ; Time Factors ; Transcription ; Transcription, Genetic - drug effects</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2011-10, Vol.6 (10), p.e26695</ispartof><rights>2011 Crawfurd et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Expected end-of-the-century pCO(2) (aq) concentrations of 760 µatm (equivalent to pH 7.8) were compared with present-day condition (380 µatm CO(2), pH 8.1). Batch culture pH changed rapidly because of CO(2) (aq) assimilation and pH targets of 7.8 and 8.1 could not be sustained. Long-term (∼100 generation) pH-auxostat, continuous cultures could be maintained at target pH when cell density was kept low (<2×10(5) cells mL(-1)). After 3 months continuous culture, the C:N ratio was slightly decreased under high CO(2) conditions and red fluorescence per cell was slightly increased. However, no change was detected in photosynthetic efficiency (F(v)/F(m)) or functional cross section of PS II (σ(PSII)). Elevated pCO(2) has been predicted to be beneficial to diatoms due to reduced cost of carbon concentration mechanisms. There was reduced transcription of one putative δ-carbonic anhydrase (CA-4) after 3 months growth at increased CO(2) but 3 other δ-CAs and the small subunit of RUBISCO showed no change. There was no evidence of adaptation or clade selection of T. pseudonana after ∼100 generations at elevated CO(2). On the basis of this long-term culture, pH change of this magnitude in the future ocean may have little effect on T. pseudonana in the absence of genetic adaption.</description><subject>Acclimatization - drug effects</subject><subject>Acidification</subject><subject>Aerobiosis - drug effects</subject><subject>Bacillariophyceae</subject><subject>Bacillariophyta</subject><subject>Batch Cell Culture Techniques</subject><subject>Batch culture</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Carbon - metabolism</subject><subject>Carbon content</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Carbon Dioxide - pharmacology</subject><subject>Carbonic anhydrase</subject><subject>Carbonic anhydrases</subject><subject>Cell culture</subject><subject>Cell density</subject><subject>Cells, Cultured</subject><subject>Change detection</subject><subject>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</subject><subject>Continuous culture</subject><subject>Cyanobacteria</subject><subject>Diatoms</subject><subject>Diatoms - cytology</subject><subject>Diatoms - 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Expected end-of-the-century pCO(2) (aq) concentrations of 760 µatm (equivalent to pH 7.8) were compared with present-day condition (380 µatm CO(2), pH 8.1). Batch culture pH changed rapidly because of CO(2) (aq) assimilation and pH targets of 7.8 and 8.1 could not be sustained. Long-term (∼100 generation) pH-auxostat, continuous cultures could be maintained at target pH when cell density was kept low (<2×10(5) cells mL(-1)). After 3 months continuous culture, the C:N ratio was slightly decreased under high CO(2) conditions and red fluorescence per cell was slightly increased. However, no change was detected in photosynthetic efficiency (F(v)/F(m)) or functional cross section of PS II (σ(PSII)). Elevated pCO(2) has been predicted to be beneficial to diatoms due to reduced cost of carbon concentration mechanisms. There was reduced transcription of one putative δ-carbonic anhydrase (CA-4) after 3 months growth at increased CO(2) but 3 other δ-CAs and the small subunit of RUBISCO showed no change. There was no evidence of adaptation or clade selection of T. pseudonana after ∼100 generations at elevated CO(2). On the basis of this long-term culture, pH change of this magnitude in the future ocean may have little effect on T. pseudonana in the absence of genetic adaption.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>22053201</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0026695</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acclimatization - drug effects Acidification Aerobiosis - drug effects Bacillariophyceae Bacillariophyta Batch Cell Culture Techniques Batch culture Biology Carbon - metabolism Carbon content Carbon dioxide Carbon Dioxide - pharmacology Carbonic anhydrase Carbonic anhydrases Cell culture Cell density Cells, Cultured Change detection Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Continuous culture Cyanobacteria Diatoms Diatoms - cytology Diatoms - drug effects Diatoms - growth & development Diatoms - physiology Experiments Fluorescence Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects Growth rate Hydrogen ions Hydrogen-Ion Concentration - drug effects Laboratories Metabolism Nitrogen Ocean acidification Oceans pH effects Photosynthesis Plankton Prochlorococcus Protein synthesis Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase Studies Synechococcus Thalassiosira pseudonana Time Factors Transcription Transcription, Genetic - drug effects |
| title | The response of Thalassiosira pseudonana to long-term exposure to increased CO2 and decreased pH |
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