Bisphenol A and 17β-estradiol promote arrhythmia in the female heart via alteration of calcium handling
There is wide-spread human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous estrogenic endocrine disruptor that has been implicated as having potentially harmful effects on human heart health. Higher urine BPA concentrations have been shown to be associated with cardiovascular diseases in humans. However...
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| description | There is wide-spread human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous estrogenic endocrine disruptor that has been implicated as having potentially harmful effects on human heart health. Higher urine BPA concentrations have been shown to be associated with cardiovascular diseases in humans. However, neither the nature nor the mechanism(s) of BPA action on the heart are understood.
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The rapid (<7 min) effects of BPA and 17β-estradiol (E2) in the heart and ventricular myocytes from rodents were investigated in the present study. In isolated ventricular myocytes from young adult females, but not males, physiological concentrations of BPA or E2 (10⁻⁹ M) rapidly induced arrhythmogenic triggered activities. The effects of BPA were particularly pronounced when combined with estradiol. Under conditions of catecholamine stimulation, E2 and BPA promoted ventricular arrhythmias in female, but not male, hearts. The cellular mechanism of the female-specific pro-arrhythmic effects of BPA and E2 were investigated. Exposure to E2 and/or BPA rapidly altered myocyte Ca²⁺ handling; in particular, estrogens markedly increased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca²⁺ leak, and increased SR Ca²⁺ load. Ryanodine (10⁻⁷ M) inhibition of SR Ca²⁺ leak suppressed estrogen-induced triggered activities. The rapid response of female myocytes to estrogens was abolished in an estrogen receptor (ER) β knockout mouse model.
Physiologically-relevant concentrations of BPA and E2 promote arrhythmias in a female-specific manner in rat hearts; the pro-arrhythmic actions of estrogens are mediated by ERβ-signaling through alterations of myocyte Ca²⁺ handling, particularly increases in SR Ca²⁺ leak. Our study provides the first experimental evidence suggesting that exposure to estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals and the unique sensitivity of female hearts to estrogens may play a role in arrhythmogenesis in the female heart.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025455</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21980463</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>17β-Estradiol ; Animals ; Arrhythmia ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac - chemically induced ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac - metabolism ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac - pathology ; Benzhydryl Compounds ; Biology ; Biophysics ; Bisphenol A ; Calcium ; Calcium (reticular) ; Calcium Signaling - drug effects ; Cardiac muscle ; Cardiomyocytes ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Cardiovascular system ; Catecholamine ; Catecholamines ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endocrine disruptors ; Endocrine Disruptors - pharmacology ; Endocrinology ; Epoxy resins ; Estradiol - pharmacology ; Estrogen ; Estrogen Receptor beta - deficiency ; Estrogen Receptor beta - genetics ; Estrogen receptors ; Estrogens ; Estrogens - pharmacology ; Exposure ; Female ; Females ; Gender differences ; Gene expression ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Handling ; Heart ; Heart - drug effects ; Heart attacks ; Heart diseases ; Heart Ventricles - drug effects ; Heart Ventricles - pathology ; Kinases ; Leak channels ; Male ; Males ; Medicine ; Metabolism ; Mice ; Myocytes ; Myocytes, Cardiac - drug effects ; Myocytes, Cardiac - pathology ; Pharmacology ; Phenols ; Phenols - pharmacology ; Rats ; Rodents ; Ryanodine ; Sarcoplasmic reticulum ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - drug effects ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - metabolism ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex hormones ; Signaling ; Time Factors ; Trends ; Urine ; Ventricle ; Womens health ; Xenoestrogens</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2011-09, Vol.6 (9), p.e25455</ispartof><rights>2011 Yan et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Yan et al. 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c525t-d2b533cba396a57022079fcb747d63ec4df4f7f363eaa9ba22eb83712b1e56443</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c525t-d2b533cba396a57022079fcb747d63ec4df4f7f363eaa9ba22eb83712b1e56443</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181279/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181279/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79569,79570</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21980463$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yan, Sujuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Yamei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dong, Min</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Weizhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Belcher, Scott M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Hong-Sheng</creatorcontrib><title>Bisphenol A and 17β-estradiol promote arrhythmia in the female heart via alteration of calcium handling</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>There is wide-spread human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), a ubiquitous estrogenic endocrine disruptor that has been implicated as having potentially harmful effects on human heart health. Higher urine BPA concentrations have been shown to be associated with cardiovascular diseases in humans. However, neither the nature nor the mechanism(s) of BPA action on the heart are understood.
The rapid (<7 min) effects of BPA and 17β-estradiol (E2) in the heart and ventricular myocytes from rodents were investigated in the present study. In isolated ventricular myocytes from young adult females, but not males, physiological concentrations of BPA or E2 (10⁻⁹ M) rapidly induced arrhythmogenic triggered activities. The effects of BPA were particularly pronounced when combined with estradiol. Under conditions of catecholamine stimulation, E2 and BPA promoted ventricular arrhythmias in female, but not male, hearts. The cellular mechanism of the female-specific pro-arrhythmic effects of BPA and E2 were investigated. Exposure to E2 and/or BPA rapidly altered myocyte Ca²⁺ handling; in particular, estrogens markedly increased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca²⁺ leak, and increased SR Ca²⁺ load. Ryanodine (10⁻⁷ M) inhibition of SR Ca²⁺ leak suppressed estrogen-induced triggered activities. The rapid response of female myocytes to estrogens was abolished in an estrogen receptor (ER) β knockout mouse model.
Physiologically-relevant concentrations of BPA and E2 promote arrhythmias in a female-specific manner in rat hearts; the pro-arrhythmic actions of estrogens are mediated by ERβ-signaling through alterations of myocyte Ca²⁺ handling, particularly increases in SR Ca²⁺ leak. Our study provides the first experimental evidence suggesting that exposure to estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals and the unique sensitivity of female hearts to estrogens may play a role in arrhythmogenesis in the female heart.</description><subject>17β-Estradiol</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Arrhythmia</subject><subject>Arrhythmias, Cardiac - chemically induced</subject><subject>Arrhythmias, Cardiac - metabolism</subject><subject>Arrhythmias, Cardiac - pathology</subject><subject>Benzhydryl Compounds</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Biophysics</subject><subject>Bisphenol A</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Calcium (reticular)</subject><subject>Calcium Signaling - drug effects</subject><subject>Cardiac muscle</subject><subject>Cardiomyocytes</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Cardiovascular system</subject><subject>Catecholamine</subject><subject>Catecholamines</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Endocrine disruptors</subject><subject>Endocrine Disruptors - pharmacology</subject><subject>Endocrinology</subject><subject>Epoxy resins</subject><subject>Estradiol - pharmacology</subject><subject>Estrogen</subject><subject>Estrogen Receptor beta - deficiency</subject><subject>Estrogen Receptor beta - genetics</subject><subject>Estrogen receptors</subject><subject>Estrogens</subject><subject>Estrogens - pharmacology</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Gender differences</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene Knockout Techniques</subject><subject>Handling</subject><subject>Heart</subject><subject>Heart - drug effects</subject><subject>Heart attacks</subject><subject>Heart diseases</subject><subject>Heart Ventricles - drug effects</subject><subject>Heart Ventricles - pathology</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Leak channels</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Myocytes</subject><subject>Myocytes, Cardiac - drug effects</subject><subject>Myocytes, Cardiac - pathology</subject><subject>Pharmacology</subject><subject>Phenols</subject><subject>Phenols - pharmacology</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Ryanodine</subject><subject>Sarcoplasmic reticulum</subject><subject>Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - drug effects</subject><subject>Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - metabolism</subject><subject>Sex Characteristics</subject><subject>Sex hormones</subject><subject>Signaling</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>Urine</subject><subject>Ventricle</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><subject>Xenoestrogens</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp1Ustu1TAQjRCIPuAPEFhinYufcbJBaisKlSqxadfWxBnf-MqJg5Nbqb_Fh_BNuNy0ahesPDo-58z4eIriA6MbJjT7sov7NELYTHHEDaVcSaVeFcesEbysOBWvn9VHxck87yhVoq6qt8URZ01NZSWOi_7cz1OPYwzkjMDYEab__C5xXhJ0PoNTikNckEBK_f3SDx6IH8nSI3E4QEDSI6SF3GUcwoIJFh9HEh2xEKzfD6TPpsGP23fFGwdhxvfreVrcXn67ufhRXv_8fnVxdl1axdVSdrxVQtgWRFOB0pRzqhtnWy11Vwm0snPSaSdyDdC0wDm2dY6DtwxVJaU4LT4dfKcQZ7OGNBsmaEOZ0oJmxtWB0UXYmSn5AdK9ieDNPyCmrclP8jagURJ5IyotHG2lk9Cgso5XTMhatIiYvb6u3fbtgJ3FMQcXXpi-vBl9b7bxzghWM66bbPB5NUjx1z7n_p-R5YFlU5znhO6pA6PmYRseVeZhG8y6DVn28fl0T6LH7xd_AZcGtM0</recordid><startdate>20110927</startdate><enddate>20110927</enddate><creator>Yan, Sujuan</creator><creator>Chen, Yamei</creator><creator>Dong, Min</creator><creator>Song, Weizhong</creator><creator>Belcher, Scott M</creator><creator>Wang, Hong-Sheng</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PJZUB</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PPXIY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQGLB</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110927</creationdate><title>Bisphenol A and 17β-estradiol promote arrhythmia in the female heart via alteration of calcium handling</title><author>Yan, Sujuan ; Chen, Yamei ; Dong, Min ; Song, Weizhong ; Belcher, Scott M ; Wang, Hong-Sheng</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c525t-d2b533cba396a57022079fcb747d63ec4df4f7f363eaa9ba22eb83712b1e56443</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>17β-Estradiol</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Arrhythmia</topic><topic>Arrhythmias, Cardiac - chemically induced</topic><topic>Arrhythmias, Cardiac - metabolism</topic><topic>Arrhythmias, Cardiac - pathology</topic><topic>Benzhydryl Compounds</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Biophysics</topic><topic>Bisphenol A</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Calcium (reticular)</topic><topic>Calcium Signaling - drug effects</topic><topic>Cardiac muscle</topic><topic>Cardiomyocytes</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Cardiovascular diseases</topic><topic>Cardiovascular system</topic><topic>Catecholamine</topic><topic>Catecholamines</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</topic><topic>Endocrine disruptors</topic><topic>Endocrine Disruptors - pharmacology</topic><topic>Endocrinology</topic><topic>Epoxy resins</topic><topic>Estradiol - pharmacology</topic><topic>Estrogen</topic><topic>Estrogen Receptor beta - deficiency</topic><topic>Estrogen Receptor beta - genetics</topic><topic>Estrogen receptors</topic><topic>Estrogens</topic><topic>Estrogens - pharmacology</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Females</topic><topic>Gender differences</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene Knockout Techniques</topic><topic>Handling</topic><topic>Heart</topic><topic>Heart - drug effects</topic><topic>Heart attacks</topic><topic>Heart diseases</topic><topic>Heart Ventricles - drug effects</topic><topic>Heart Ventricles - pathology</topic><topic>Kinases</topic><topic>Leak channels</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Males</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Myocytes</topic><topic>Myocytes, Cardiac - drug effects</topic><topic>Myocytes, Cardiac - pathology</topic><topic>Pharmacology</topic><topic>Phenols</topic><topic>Phenols - pharmacology</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rodents</topic><topic>Ryanodine</topic><topic>Sarcoplasmic reticulum</topic><topic>Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - drug effects</topic><topic>Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - metabolism</topic><topic>Sex Characteristics</topic><topic>Sex hormones</topic><topic>Signaling</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Trends</topic><topic>Urine</topic><topic>Ventricle</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><topic>Xenoestrogens</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yan, Sujuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Yamei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dong, Min</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Weizhong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Belcher, Scott M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Hong-Sheng</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Higher urine BPA concentrations have been shown to be associated with cardiovascular diseases in humans. However, neither the nature nor the mechanism(s) of BPA action on the heart are understood.
The rapid (<7 min) effects of BPA and 17β-estradiol (E2) in the heart and ventricular myocytes from rodents were investigated in the present study. In isolated ventricular myocytes from young adult females, but not males, physiological concentrations of BPA or E2 (10⁻⁹ M) rapidly induced arrhythmogenic triggered activities. The effects of BPA were particularly pronounced when combined with estradiol. Under conditions of catecholamine stimulation, E2 and BPA promoted ventricular arrhythmias in female, but not male, hearts. The cellular mechanism of the female-specific pro-arrhythmic effects of BPA and E2 were investigated. Exposure to E2 and/or BPA rapidly altered myocyte Ca²⁺ handling; in particular, estrogens markedly increased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca²⁺ leak, and increased SR Ca²⁺ load. Ryanodine (10⁻⁷ M) inhibition of SR Ca²⁺ leak suppressed estrogen-induced triggered activities. The rapid response of female myocytes to estrogens was abolished in an estrogen receptor (ER) β knockout mouse model.
Physiologically-relevant concentrations of BPA and E2 promote arrhythmias in a female-specific manner in rat hearts; the pro-arrhythmic actions of estrogens are mediated by ERβ-signaling through alterations of myocyte Ca²⁺ handling, particularly increases in SR Ca²⁺ leak. Our study provides the first experimental evidence suggesting that exposure to estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals and the unique sensitivity of female hearts to estrogens may play a role in arrhythmogenesis in the female heart.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>21980463</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0025455</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | 17β-Estradiol Animals Arrhythmia Arrhythmias, Cardiac - chemically induced Arrhythmias, Cardiac - metabolism Arrhythmias, Cardiac - pathology Benzhydryl Compounds Biology Biophysics Bisphenol A Calcium Calcium (reticular) Calcium Signaling - drug effects Cardiac muscle Cardiomyocytes Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular system Catecholamine Catecholamines Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Endocrine disruptors Endocrine Disruptors - pharmacology Endocrinology Epoxy resins Estradiol - pharmacology Estrogen Estrogen Receptor beta - deficiency Estrogen Receptor beta - genetics Estrogen receptors Estrogens Estrogens - pharmacology Exposure Female Females Gender differences Gene expression Gene Knockout Techniques Handling Heart Heart - drug effects Heart attacks Heart diseases Heart Ventricles - drug effects Heart Ventricles - pathology Kinases Leak channels Male Males Medicine Metabolism Mice Myocytes Myocytes, Cardiac - drug effects Myocytes, Cardiac - pathology Pharmacology Phenols Phenols - pharmacology Rats Rodents Ryanodine Sarcoplasmic reticulum Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - drug effects Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - metabolism Sex Characteristics Sex hormones Signaling Time Factors Trends Urine Ventricle Womens health Xenoestrogens |
| title | Bisphenol A and 17β-estradiol promote arrhythmia in the female heart via alteration of calcium handling |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-16T08%3A44%3A00IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bisphenol%20A%20and%2017%CE%B2-estradiol%20promote%20arrhythmia%20in%20the%20female%20heart%20via%20alteration%20of%20calcium%20handling&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Yan,%20Sujuan&rft.date=2011-09-27&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=e25455&rft.pages=e25455-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0025455&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_plos_%3E2900211571%3C/proquest_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1309015730&rft_id=info:pmid/21980463&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_54e293673f0b4f4a9e5cf2613483beee&rfr_iscdi=true |