The synergistic effect of concomitant schistosomiasis, hookworm, and trichuris infections on children's anemia burden

To estimate the degree of synergism between helminth species in their combined effects on anemia. Quantitative egg counts using the Kato-Katz method were determined for Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura, and Schistosoma japonicum in 507 school-age children from helminth-endemic villages in The Philippines. Infection intensity was defined in three categories: uninfected, low, or moderate/high (M+). Anemia was defined as hemoglobin