Two‐stage electron energy analyzer for angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy

A two‐stage energy analyzer is described having a 127° cylindrical deflection analyzer as an injection stage followed by a 37° plane mirror analyzer with a resolution function ΔE/E∼1%. The design is very compact about the axis of analyzer rotation. The entire instrument including turntable and magnetic shields fits within a 150‐mm tube, and is physically interchangeable with a commercial double‐pass cylindrical mirror analyzer (CMA). The advantage it has over an angle‐resolving CMA is that the directions of collected electrons all lie in a common plane. Construction details are described, and the performance of the analyzer is illustrated with some angle‐resolved photoemission data on Ag(100) using synchrotron radiation.