A Model for Reduction of Hematite by Carbon: Evaluation of the Catalytic Role of Calcium Salt

For the reduction of hematite by solid carbon a new model has been derived, taking into consideration both the rate enhancement and rate degradation effects observed during the reduction. The model helped in evaluating the rate constant as a function of fractional conversion. Calcium lignosulfonate catalyst introduced into the matrix of industrial coke increased the reduction rate of hematite considerably. Kinetic parameters derived using a simple model for catalyzed and noncatalyzed reductions indicated that the catalyst mainly increased the number of active sites during the reduction.