Advanced monitoring technologies for the evaluation of demand-side management programs

The aim of this paper is to provide an assessment of the state-of-art of the technologies can be used for monitoring demand-side management programs. This paper examines the following techniques that can be used for end-use monitoring: field test equipment; general purpose data loggers; run-time data loggers; utility-oriented data loggers; energy management systems; smart meters; direct and distributed load control; power line carrier techniques; nonintrusive load monitoring; and building automation. Additionally, the paper points out research and development activities whose implementation can contribute to a more accurate and cost-effective evaluation of the performance of end-use technologies.< >