The low Earth orbit radiation environment and its evolution from measurements using the CREAM and CREDO experiments

The new regime of trapped protons centered around L=2.5 and observed by CRRES (Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite) between March and October 1991 has been observed by CREAM (Cosmic Radiation Environment and Activation Monitor) on Shuttle missions at an altitude of 569 km in September 1...

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Veröffentlicht in:	IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); (United States) 1993-12, Vol.40 (6), p.1471-1478
Hauptverfasser:	Dyer, C.S., Sims, A.J., Truscott, P.R., Farren, J., Underwood, C.
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	661320 > Auroral, Ionospheric, & Magnetospheric Phenomena-- (1992-) AIRCRAFT Astronomy BARYONS Belts CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS COSMIC RAY FLUX Cosmic rays Dosimetry EARTH ATMOSPHERE EARTH MAGNETOSPHERE Earth, ocean, space ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS ELEMENTARY PARTICLES Energetic solar particles and photons Energy exchange Exact sciences and technology FERMIONS HADRONS INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Instruments Low earth orbit satellites MICROELECTRONIC CIRCUITS MONITORING Neutrons NUCLEONS PHYSICAL RADIATION EFFECTS PROTONS RADIATION EFFECTS RADIATION FLUX Radiation monitoring Solar system SPACE FLIGHT SPACE SHUTTLES SPACE VEHICLES TRAPPED PROTONS VEHICLES 440200 > Radiation Effects on Instrument Components, Instruments, or Electronic Systems
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Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:	The new regime of trapped protons centered around L=2.5 and observed by CRRES (Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite) between March and October 1991 has been observed by CREAM (Cosmic Radiation Environment and Activation Monitor) on Shuttle missions at an altitude of 569 km in September 1991 (STS-48) and at altitudes of 385 km and 326 km in December 1992 on STS-53. CREDO (Cosmic Radiation Environment and Dosimetry instrument) on UOSAT-3 at 800 km observed the decay of the belt from March 1991 to March 1992. At high latitudes cosmic-ray fluxes have increases by a factor of two between June 1991 and March 1993. The effect of Shuttle shielding on cosmic rays is to increase the fluxes of low LET (linear energy transfer) secondaries and neutrons. Trapped protons and their dose contribution are attenuated, but again significant fluxes of secondary neutrons are produced.< >
ISSN:	0018-9499 1558-1578
DOI:	10.1109/23.273516