Coplanar waveguide-fed Koch-like sided Sierpinski hexagonal carpet multifractal monopole antenna

A Koch-like sided Sierpinski hexagonal carpet multifractal monopole antenna fed by coplanar waveguide with a Koch-like edged fractal ground is designed, fabricated and measured, which covers WLAN, WPAN, WiFi and WiMAX bands simultaneously. The multifractal monopole has ideal dipole-like gain patterns, which are omnidirectional in the H-plane (Phi = 0°, XOZ) and doughnut-shaped in the E-plane (Phi = 90°, YOZ) with considerable gain (2.0–5.11 dBi) and high efficiency (90–97%), of which f1 = 2.5 GHz (|S11| = − 11.6 dB, WLAN + WiMAX), f2 = 3.5 GHz (|S11| = − 15.5 dB, WiMAX), f3 = 5.5 GHz (|S11| = − 15.5 dB; WLAN + WiMAX) are generally useful. The multifractal monopole is superior compared to other designs in bandwidth, directivity, efficiency, polarisation and dimension. It is a very attractive candidate for applications mentioned above and other fixed or mobile wireless multiband communication systems.