Rutin prevents inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide in RAW 264.7 cells via conquering the TLR4-MyD88-TRAF6-NF-κB signalling pathway

Abstract Objectives Inflammation widely exists in many diseases and poses a great threat to human and animal health. Rutin, quercetin-3-rhamnosyl glucoside, has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer and radioresistance effects. The current study focused on evaluation of its anti-inflammatory activity and described the mechanism of rutin in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Methods The related gene and protein expression levels were investigated by quantification real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. Key findings This study revealed that rutin can decrease inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and protein expression levels, effectively increase IκB gene expression, reduce toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and p65 gene expression and inhibit the phosphorylation of IκB and p65 and the proteins expression of TLR4, MyD88 and TRAF6. Conclusions These results suggest that rutin might exert anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and will be potentially useful as an adjuvant treatment for inflammatory diseases.