The nature of groundwater flow in fractured rock: Evidence from the isotopic and chemical evolution of recrystallized fracture calcites from the Canadian Precambrian Shield
The isotope geochemistry of fracture calcites in three Precambrian plutons on the Canadian Shield has been investigated in order to understand the paleohydrogeological conditions in fractured crystalline rock. Fracture calcites of ancient hydrothermal origins in the Chalk River and East Bull Lake pl...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Geochimica et cosmochimica acta 1992, Vol.56 (1), p.369-388 |
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| creator | Bottomley, Dennis J Veizer, Ján |
| description | The isotope geochemistry of fracture calcites in three Precambrian plutons on the Canadian Shield has been investigated in order to understand the paleohydrogeological conditions in fractured crystalline rock. Fracture calcites of ancient hydrothermal origins in the Chalk River and East Bull Lake plutons exhibit
18O enrichment and
13C depletion trends resulting from recent low-temperature calcite recrystallization under open-system conditions for oxygen, but semiclosed for carbon, and under extremely variable time-integrated, water/rock (calcite) ratios. This process causes recycling of elements with calcite distribution coefficients > 1 (rare earths, manganese, and possibly iron) from the precursor calcite to younger calcites as well as calcite control over the
87Sr
86Sr
ratio of the groundwater within the Chalk River pluton. The large but variable water/rock (calcite) mole ratios calculated from the shifts in the stable isotopic compositions of fracture calcites are compatible with fracture flow models that invoke flow channeling within single fractures that also contain regions of immobile porosity.
Quantification of isotopic shifts resulting from recrystallization requires that the initial isotopic composition of the precursor hydrothermal calcite be well constrained. Unlike the Chalk River and East Bull Lake plutons, hydrothermal fracture calcites in the White Lake pluton, which intrudes marble-rich country rocks of the Grenville Supergroup, have highly variable δ
13C and δ
18O values. This is attributed to mixing of carbon from magmatic and sedimentary reservoirs, and to oxygen isotopic exchange between hydrothermal fluids and carbonate country rocks at the time of intrusion. Convective circulation of meteoric groundwater from the surrounding
13C-rich carbonate rocks (up to 6.6%.) resulted in δ
13C values as heavy as 3.0%. for the fracture calcites in the pluton. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90139-A |
| format | Article |
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18O enrichment and
13C depletion trends resulting from recent low-temperature calcite recrystallization under open-system conditions for oxygen, but semiclosed for carbon, and under extremely variable time-integrated, water/rock (calcite) ratios. This process causes recycling of elements with calcite distribution coefficients > 1 (rare earths, manganese, and possibly iron) from the precursor calcite to younger calcites as well as calcite control over the
87Sr
86Sr
ratio of the groundwater within the Chalk River pluton. The large but variable water/rock (calcite) mole ratios calculated from the shifts in the stable isotopic compositions of fracture calcites are compatible with fracture flow models that invoke flow channeling within single fractures that also contain regions of immobile porosity.
Quantification of isotopic shifts resulting from recrystallization requires that the initial isotopic composition of the precursor hydrothermal calcite be well constrained. Unlike the Chalk River and East Bull Lake plutons, hydrothermal fracture calcites in the White Lake pluton, which intrudes marble-rich country rocks of the Grenville Supergroup, have highly variable δ
13C and δ
18O values. This is attributed to mixing of carbon from magmatic and sedimentary reservoirs, and to oxygen isotopic exchange between hydrothermal fluids and carbonate country rocks at the time of intrusion. Convective circulation of meteoric groundwater from the surrounding
13C-rich carbonate rocks (up to 6.6%.) resulted in δ
13C values as heavy as 3.0%. for the fracture calcites in the pluton.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0016-7037</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-9533</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90139-A</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>540210 - Environment, Terrestrial- Basic Studies- (1990-) ; 580000 - Geosciences ; ALKALI METAL ISOTOPES ; ALKALINE EARTH ISOTOPES ; BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES ; BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES ; CALCITE ; CANADA ; CARBON 13 ; CARBON ISOTOPES ; CARBONATE MINERALS ; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS ; CHEMISTRY ; DATA ; DEPTH ; DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ; DIMENSIONS ; ELECTRON CAPTURE RADIOISOTOPES ; ELECTRON MICROPROBE ANALYSIS ; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ; EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI ; EVEN-ODD NUCLEI ; EXPERIMENTAL DATA ; FLOW MODELS ; FLUID FLOW ; FRACTURED RESERVOIRS ; GEOCHEMISTRY ; GEOLOGIC HISTORY ; GEOLOGY ; GEOSCIENCES ; GROUND WATER ; HOURS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES ; HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS ; HYDROLOGY ; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION ; IGNEOUS ROCKS ; INFORMATION ; INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI ; ISOMERIC TRANSITION ISOTOPES ; ISOTOPE RATIO ; ISOTOPES ; LIGHT NUCLEI ; LIQUID FLOW ; MASS SPECTROSCOPY ; MATHEMATICAL MODELS ; MICROANALYSIS ; MINERALS ; NONDESTRUCTIVE ANALYSIS ; NORTH AMERICA ; NUCLEI ; NUMERICAL DATA ; ODD-EVEN NUCLEI ; OXYGEN 18 ; OXYGEN COMPOUNDS ; OXYGEN ISOTOPES ; PLUTONIC ROCKS ; RADIOISOTOPES ; RECRYSTALLIZATION ; ROCKS ; RUBIDIUM 87 ; RUBIDIUM ISOTOPES ; SPECTROSCOPY ; STABLE ISOTOPES ; STRONTIUM 86 ; STRONTIUM 87 ; STRONTIUM ISOTOPES ; WATER ; YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES</subject><ispartof>Geochimica et cosmochimica acta, 1992, Vol.56 (1), p.369-388</ispartof><rights>1992</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a354t-6d716aa198641b5705e41386a678a7b9aa8b5cfb9bfa60be9e96b8b3b8f2a2a53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a354t-6d716aa198641b5705e41386a678a7b9aa8b5cfb9bfa60be9e96b8b3b8f2a2a53</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90139-A$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3550,4024,27923,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/7206228$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bottomley, Dennis J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Veizer, Ján</creatorcontrib><title>The nature of groundwater flow in fractured rock: Evidence from the isotopic and chemical evolution of recrystallized fracture calcites from the Canadian Precambrian Shield</title><title>Geochimica et cosmochimica acta</title><description>The isotope geochemistry of fracture calcites in three Precambrian plutons on the Canadian Shield has been investigated in order to understand the paleohydrogeological conditions in fractured crystalline rock. Fracture calcites of ancient hydrothermal origins in the Chalk River and East Bull Lake plutons exhibit
18O enrichment and
13C depletion trends resulting from recent low-temperature calcite recrystallization under open-system conditions for oxygen, but semiclosed for carbon, and under extremely variable time-integrated, water/rock (calcite) ratios. This process causes recycling of elements with calcite distribution coefficients > 1 (rare earths, manganese, and possibly iron) from the precursor calcite to younger calcites as well as calcite control over the
87Sr
86Sr
ratio of the groundwater within the Chalk River pluton. The large but variable water/rock (calcite) mole ratios calculated from the shifts in the stable isotopic compositions of fracture calcites are compatible with fracture flow models that invoke flow channeling within single fractures that also contain regions of immobile porosity.
Quantification of isotopic shifts resulting from recrystallization requires that the initial isotopic composition of the precursor hydrothermal calcite be well constrained. Unlike the Chalk River and East Bull Lake plutons, hydrothermal fracture calcites in the White Lake pluton, which intrudes marble-rich country rocks of the Grenville Supergroup, have highly variable δ
13C and δ
18O values. This is attributed to mixing of carbon from magmatic and sedimentary reservoirs, and to oxygen isotopic exchange between hydrothermal fluids and carbonate country rocks at the time of intrusion. Convective circulation of meteoric groundwater from the surrounding
13C-rich carbonate rocks (up to 6.6%.) resulted in δ
13C values as heavy as 3.0%. for the fracture calcites in the pluton.</description><subject>540210 - Environment, Terrestrial- Basic Studies- (1990-)</subject><subject>580000 - Geosciences</subject><subject>ALKALI METAL ISOTOPES</subject><subject>ALKALINE EARTH ISOTOPES</subject><subject>BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES</subject><subject>BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES</subject><subject>CALCITE</subject><subject>CANADA</subject><subject>CARBON 13</subject><subject>CARBON ISOTOPES</subject><subject>CARBONATE MINERALS</subject><subject>CHEMICAL ANALYSIS</subject><subject>CHEMISTRY</subject><subject>DATA</subject><subject>DEPTH</subject><subject>DEVELOPED COUNTRIES</subject><subject>DIMENSIONS</subject><subject>ELECTRON CAPTURE RADIOISOTOPES</subject><subject>ELECTRON MICROPROBE ANALYSIS</subject><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES</subject><subject>EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI</subject><subject>EVEN-ODD NUCLEI</subject><subject>EXPERIMENTAL DATA</subject><subject>FLOW MODELS</subject><subject>FLUID FLOW</subject><subject>FRACTURED RESERVOIRS</subject><subject>GEOCHEMISTRY</subject><subject>GEOLOGIC HISTORY</subject><subject>GEOLOGY</subject><subject>GEOSCIENCES</subject><subject>GROUND WATER</subject><subject>HOURS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES</subject><subject>HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>HYDROLOGY</subject><subject>HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION</subject><subject>IGNEOUS ROCKS</subject><subject>INFORMATION</subject><subject>INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI</subject><subject>ISOMERIC TRANSITION ISOTOPES</subject><subject>ISOTOPE RATIO</subject><subject>ISOTOPES</subject><subject>LIGHT NUCLEI</subject><subject>LIQUID FLOW</subject><subject>MASS SPECTROSCOPY</subject><subject>MATHEMATICAL MODELS</subject><subject>MICROANALYSIS</subject><subject>MINERALS</subject><subject>NONDESTRUCTIVE ANALYSIS</subject><subject>NORTH AMERICA</subject><subject>NUCLEI</subject><subject>NUMERICAL DATA</subject><subject>ODD-EVEN NUCLEI</subject><subject>OXYGEN 18</subject><subject>OXYGEN COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>OXYGEN ISOTOPES</subject><subject>PLUTONIC ROCKS</subject><subject>RADIOISOTOPES</subject><subject>RECRYSTALLIZATION</subject><subject>ROCKS</subject><subject>RUBIDIUM 87</subject><subject>RUBIDIUM ISOTOPES</subject><subject>SPECTROSCOPY</subject><subject>STABLE ISOTOPES</subject><subject>STRONTIUM 86</subject><subject>STRONTIUM 87</subject><subject>STRONTIUM ISOTOPES</subject><subject>WATER</subject><subject>YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES</subject><issn>0016-7037</issn><issn>1872-9533</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1992</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kc-OFCEQxonRxHH1DTwQT3roFbqnofFgMpnsuiabaOJ6JgVUO2gPbICZzfpMPqTg-Ofmpaikvu-X4itCnnN2zhkXr1ktnWSDfKn6V4rxQXWbB2TFJ9l3ahyGh2T1V_KYPMn5K2NMjiNbkR83O6QByiEhjTP9kuIhuDsomOi8xDvqA50T2DZ3NEX77Q29OHqHwWIdxD0t1e9zLPHWWwrBUbvDvbewUDzG5VB8DA2c0Kb7XGBZ_PdK-sOkVWh9wfwPtoUAzkOgH6sH9ia1_tPO4-KekkczLBmf_X7PyOfLi5vtVXf94d377ea6g2Fcl044yQUAV5NYczNKNuKaD5MAISeQRgFMZrSzUWYGwQwqVMJMZjDT3EMP43BGXpy4MRevc1vQ7mwMAW3Rsmei76cqWp9ENsWcE876Nvk9pHvNmW5n0S1z3TLXqte_zqI31fb2ZMP6gaPH1PgtTudTw7vo_w_4CSbtmHs</recordid><startdate>1992</startdate><enddate>1992</enddate><creator>Bottomley, Dennis J</creator><creator>Veizer, Ján</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>1992</creationdate><title>The nature of groundwater flow in fractured rock: Evidence from the isotopic and chemical evolution of recrystallized fracture calcites from the Canadian Precambrian Shield</title><author>Bottomley, Dennis J ; Veizer, Ján</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a354t-6d716aa198641b5705e41386a678a7b9aa8b5cfb9bfa60be9e96b8b3b8f2a2a53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1992</creationdate><topic>540210 - Environment, Terrestrial- Basic Studies- (1990-)</topic><topic>580000 - Geosciences</topic><topic>ALKALI METAL ISOTOPES</topic><topic>ALKALINE EARTH ISOTOPES</topic><topic>BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES</topic><topic>BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES</topic><topic>CALCITE</topic><topic>CANADA</topic><topic>CARBON 13</topic><topic>CARBON ISOTOPES</topic><topic>CARBONATE MINERALS</topic><topic>CHEMICAL ANALYSIS</topic><topic>CHEMISTRY</topic><topic>DATA</topic><topic>DEPTH</topic><topic>DEVELOPED COUNTRIES</topic><topic>DIMENSIONS</topic><topic>ELECTRON CAPTURE RADIOISOTOPES</topic><topic>ELECTRON MICROPROBE ANALYSIS</topic><topic>ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES</topic><topic>EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI</topic><topic>EVEN-ODD NUCLEI</topic><topic>EXPERIMENTAL DATA</topic><topic>FLOW MODELS</topic><topic>FLUID FLOW</topic><topic>FRACTURED RESERVOIRS</topic><topic>GEOCHEMISTRY</topic><topic>GEOLOGIC HISTORY</topic><topic>GEOLOGY</topic><topic>GEOSCIENCES</topic><topic>GROUND WATER</topic><topic>HOURS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES</topic><topic>HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>HYDROLOGY</topic><topic>HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION</topic><topic>IGNEOUS ROCKS</topic><topic>INFORMATION</topic><topic>INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI</topic><topic>ISOMERIC TRANSITION ISOTOPES</topic><topic>ISOTOPE RATIO</topic><topic>ISOTOPES</topic><topic>LIGHT NUCLEI</topic><topic>LIQUID FLOW</topic><topic>MASS SPECTROSCOPY</topic><topic>MATHEMATICAL MODELS</topic><topic>MICROANALYSIS</topic><topic>MINERALS</topic><topic>NONDESTRUCTIVE ANALYSIS</topic><topic>NORTH AMERICA</topic><topic>NUCLEI</topic><topic>NUMERICAL DATA</topic><topic>ODD-EVEN NUCLEI</topic><topic>OXYGEN 18</topic><topic>OXYGEN COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>OXYGEN ISOTOPES</topic><topic>PLUTONIC ROCKS</topic><topic>RADIOISOTOPES</topic><topic>RECRYSTALLIZATION</topic><topic>ROCKS</topic><topic>RUBIDIUM 87</topic><topic>RUBIDIUM ISOTOPES</topic><topic>SPECTROSCOPY</topic><topic>STABLE ISOTOPES</topic><topic>STRONTIUM 86</topic><topic>STRONTIUM 87</topic><topic>STRONTIUM ISOTOPES</topic><topic>WATER</topic><topic>YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bottomley, Dennis J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Veizer, Ján</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Geochimica et cosmochimica acta</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bottomley, Dennis J</au><au>Veizer, Ján</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The nature of groundwater flow in fractured rock: Evidence from the isotopic and chemical evolution of recrystallized fracture calcites from the Canadian Precambrian Shield</atitle><jtitle>Geochimica et cosmochimica acta</jtitle><date>1992</date><risdate>1992</risdate><volume>56</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>369</spage><epage>388</epage><pages>369-388</pages><issn>0016-7037</issn><eissn>1872-9533</eissn><abstract>The isotope geochemistry of fracture calcites in three Precambrian plutons on the Canadian Shield has been investigated in order to understand the paleohydrogeological conditions in fractured crystalline rock. Fracture calcites of ancient hydrothermal origins in the Chalk River and East Bull Lake plutons exhibit
18O enrichment and
13C depletion trends resulting from recent low-temperature calcite recrystallization under open-system conditions for oxygen, but semiclosed for carbon, and under extremely variable time-integrated, water/rock (calcite) ratios. This process causes recycling of elements with calcite distribution coefficients > 1 (rare earths, manganese, and possibly iron) from the precursor calcite to younger calcites as well as calcite control over the
87Sr
86Sr
ratio of the groundwater within the Chalk River pluton. The large but variable water/rock (calcite) mole ratios calculated from the shifts in the stable isotopic compositions of fracture calcites are compatible with fracture flow models that invoke flow channeling within single fractures that also contain regions of immobile porosity.
Quantification of isotopic shifts resulting from recrystallization requires that the initial isotopic composition of the precursor hydrothermal calcite be well constrained. Unlike the Chalk River and East Bull Lake plutons, hydrothermal fracture calcites in the White Lake pluton, which intrudes marble-rich country rocks of the Grenville Supergroup, have highly variable δ
13C and δ
18O values. This is attributed to mixing of carbon from magmatic and sedimentary reservoirs, and to oxygen isotopic exchange between hydrothermal fluids and carbonate country rocks at the time of intrusion. Convective circulation of meteoric groundwater from the surrounding
13C-rich carbonate rocks (up to 6.6%.) resulted in δ
13C values as heavy as 3.0%. for the fracture calcites in the pluton.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/0016-7037(92)90139-A</doi><tpages>20</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Geochimica et cosmochimica acta, 1992, Vol.56 (1), p.369-388 |
| issn | 0016-7037 1872-9533 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_osti_scitechconnect_7206228 |
| source | Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier) |
| subjects | 540210 - Environment, Terrestrial- Basic Studies- (1990-) 580000 - Geosciences ALKALI METAL ISOTOPES ALKALINE EARTH ISOTOPES BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES CALCITE CANADA CARBON 13 CARBON ISOTOPES CARBONATE MINERALS CHEMICAL ANALYSIS CHEMISTRY DATA DEPTH DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DIMENSIONS ELECTRON CAPTURE RADIOISOTOPES ELECTRON MICROPROBE ANALYSIS ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI EVEN-ODD NUCLEI EXPERIMENTAL DATA FLOW MODELS FLUID FLOW FRACTURED RESERVOIRS GEOCHEMISTRY GEOLOGIC HISTORY GEOLOGY GEOSCIENCES GROUND WATER HOURS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS HYDROLOGY HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION IGNEOUS ROCKS INFORMATION INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI ISOMERIC TRANSITION ISOTOPES ISOTOPE RATIO ISOTOPES LIGHT NUCLEI LIQUID FLOW MASS SPECTROSCOPY MATHEMATICAL MODELS MICROANALYSIS MINERALS NONDESTRUCTIVE ANALYSIS NORTH AMERICA NUCLEI NUMERICAL DATA ODD-EVEN NUCLEI OXYGEN 18 OXYGEN COMPOUNDS OXYGEN ISOTOPES PLUTONIC ROCKS RADIOISOTOPES RECRYSTALLIZATION ROCKS RUBIDIUM 87 RUBIDIUM ISOTOPES SPECTROSCOPY STABLE ISOTOPES STRONTIUM 86 STRONTIUM 87 STRONTIUM ISOTOPES WATER YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES |
| title | The nature of groundwater flow in fractured rock: Evidence from the isotopic and chemical evolution of recrystallized fracture calcites from the Canadian Precambrian Shield |
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