Solid-state [sup 13]C NMR studies of ionic surfactants adsorbed on C-18 and C-8 silicas: Implications for micellar liquid chromatography

Solid-state [sup 13]C NMR spectroscopy techniques, including cross polarization (CP), magic angle spinning (MAS), and high-power proton decoupling, have been used to study the interactions of two ionic surfactants with octadecylsilica (C-18) and octylsilica (C-8) HPLC stationary phases. The two surfactants, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), are commonly used in micellar reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). Variable contact time CP/MAS [sup 13] C NMR data suggest that differences in selectivity between SDS and CTAB micellar RPLC are due to the differing nature of the SDS and CTAB-bonded phase association. For CTAB the association leads to a more hydrophobic bulk stationary phase, whereas SDS adsorption results in the formation of an anionic, hydrophilic surface layer. These results suggest that proper matching of surfactant monomer and bonded stationary phase is critical to ensure selective separations in micellar RPLC.